physics

• What topics are covered in AQA GCSE Physics Paper 1?

  Energy, electricity, particles, and atomic structure
• What is energy described as in physics?

  Energy is an idea that tells us what will happen when objects interact in a system
• What is the unit of energy?

  Joules
• What does the conservation of energy state?

  Total energy in any interaction is always conserved
• What is the relationship between mass and energy in nuclear physics?

  Energy can be turned into matter, but this is only important for triple physics
• What are the different stores of energy?

  Kinetic energy, gravitational potential energy, elastic potential energy, thermal energy, and chemical potential energy
• How is kinetic energy calculated?

  Kinetic energy is calculated with $E =$$\frac{1}{2} mv^2$
• What does gravitational potential energy depend on?

  Gravitational potential energy depends on mass, gravitational field strength, and height
• How is gravitational potential energy calculated?

  Gravitational potential energy is calculated with $E =$$mgh$
• What does the specific heat capacity tell us?

  Specific heat capacity tells us how much energy is needed to raise 1 kilogram of a substance by 1° Celsius
• How is thermal energy calculated?

  Thermal energy is calculated with $E =$$mc\Delta T$
• What happens to particles when thermal energy increases?

  Particles move faster as thermal energy increases
• What is chemical potential energy?

  Chemical potential energy is the energy stored in food or fuels
• What must happen for energy to be transferred in a system?

  Energy must be transferred from one object or store to another
• What is a closed system?

  A closed system is one where no energy is lost or gained from the surroundings
• How can we equate gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy in a roller coaster scenario?

  We can say that gravitational potential energy lost equals kinetic energy gained
• How can we rearrange the kinetic energy equation to find speed?

  Speed can be found using $V =$$\sqrt{\frac{2E}{m}}$
• What is the effect of air resistance on energy in a system?

  Air resistance causes energy to be lost to the surroundings
• How can we find the specific heat capacity of a material practically?

  By heating it and measuring the change in temperature
• What is the equation for power?

  Power is calculated with $P =$$\frac{E}{T}$
• What is the unit for power?

  Watts
• How is efficiency calculated?

  Efficiency is calculated as useful energy out divided by total energy in
• If a power supply uses 200 watts but only supplies 120 watts of useful power, what is its efficiency?

  The efficiency is 0.6 or 60%
• What happens to heat in poorly insulated buildings?

  Heat can be lost through walls, windows, doors, and roofs
• What are finite energy sources?

  Finite energy sources include fossil fuels like coal, oil, and gas
• What are renewable energy sources?

  Renewable energy sources include wind power, hydroelectric power, and solar panels
• What is electricity?

  Electricity is the flow of charge, typically electrons
• What is current in a circuit?

  Current is the movement of charge through a circuit
• What is potential difference (PD)?

  Potential difference tells us how much energy is transferred per coulomb of charge
• How is potential difference calculated?

  Potential difference is calculated with <latex{V = \frac{E}{Q}}</latex>
• How is current measured in a circuit?

  Current is measured with an ammeter connected in series
• What does resistance do in a circuit?

  Resistance limits the flow of charge through a component
• What is Ohm's Law?

  Ohm's Law states that voltage is equal to current times resistance
• How can we find resistance from a voltage-current graph?

  Resistance can be found using <latex{R = \frac{V}{I}}</latex>
• What does a curved graph of current versus voltage indicate?

  A curved graph indicates that resistance is changing
• What does a straight line on a current-voltage graph indicate?

  A straight line indicates that resistance is constant
• What is the difference between energy stores and energy sources?

  Energy stores are where energy is held, while energy sources are where we harness energy from the environment
• Why is specific heat capacity important?

  Specific heat capacity is important because it varies for different materials and affects how they store thermal energy
• What is the significance of work done against air resistance and friction?

  Work done against air resistance and friction results in energy loss in a system
• How do we measure specific heat capacity practically?

  We measure specific heat capacity by heating a material and recording the temperature change