Lab1

• Cardiovascular system


  Comprises the blood, heart, and blood vessels

  
• Circulatory system


  Network consisting of blood, blood vessels, and the heart that supplies tissues with oxygen and other nutrients, transports hormones, and removes waste products
• The circulatory system includes the lymphatic system, which circulates lymph
• Circulatory system


  • Has two components: systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation

  
• Many diseases affect the circulatory system, including cardiovascular disease and lymphatic disease
• Systemic circulation


  1. Oxygenated blood enters when leaving the left ventricle, through the aortic semilunar valve

  2. The aorta arches and gives branches supplying the upper part of the body

  3. The aorta descends down and supplies branches to abdomen, pelvis, perineum and the lower limbs

  
• Aorta


  • Its walls are elastic, helping to maintain blood pressure throughout the body
  • When it receives blood from the heart, it recoils and is responsible for pulsating blood pressure

  
• Blood flow


  Arteries branch into arterioles and then into capillaries

  
• Superior vena cava and inferior vena cava

  Major veins that empty into the right atrium of the heart
• Heart


  • Pumps oxygenated blood to the body and deoxygenated blood to the lungs
  • Made of specialized cardiac muscle tissue that allows it to act as a pump
  • Divided into four chambers: one atrium and one ventricle on each side

  
• Pulmonary circuit


  Provides blood flow between the heart and lungs

  
• Systemic circuit


  Allows blood to flow to and from the rest of the body
• Coronary circuit


  Provides blood supply to the heart muscle itself
• Coronary circulation


  Begins near the origin of the aorta by two coronary arteries: the right coronary artery and the left coronary artery

  
• Pulmonary circulation


  1. Blood is pumped from the heart, via the pulmonary artery, to the lungs and returned, oxygenated, to the heart via the pulmonary vein

  2. Gas exchange occurs in the lungs, whereby CO2 is released from the blood, and oxygen is absorbed