Reproductive System

• What is Unique about the Reproductive System?

  Does not contribute to homeostasis
• What does the reproductive system do broadly?


  Species Perpetuation
• What are both male and Female reproductive systems designed to do?


  Create Gametes, Foster unification of male and female gametes, and nourish offspring
• What does the Union of male and female gamete do chromosome wise?

  Create an individual with a full, unique set of chromosomes
• Asexual Reproductive Organisms


  Hydras, Flatworms, Sponges, Echinoderms, Annelids, Scorpions, Bees, some Reptiles and Birds
• Hydras' Reproductive Method


  As an Outgrowth/Bud of the parent
• Flatworms' reproductive Method


  Splits in Half then Regrows
• Sponges, Echinoderms, and Annelids

  Regenerate Fragments of their Body
• Nematodes, Scorpions, Some Bees, Reptiles, and Birds

  Parthenogenesis
• Nematodes, Scorpions, Some Bees, Reptiles, and Birds

  Unfertilized Egg develops into a complete individual
• Sexual Reproduction as an Equation

  Egg (parent 1) fertilized by Sperm (parent 2)
• Location of Fertilization


  Internal or External
• Whose Fertilization if External

  Fish/Amphibians
• What is the sexual activity to facilitate the Reception of sperm

  Copulation
• Dioecious


  Each different gamete is held by a Separate Sex
• Monoecious/Hermaphroditic


  Both male and female organs are in a single body
• What is a Gestation Mechanism?

  Where the fertilized egg develops at
• Birds and Reptiles Gestation type

  Oviparous
• Oviparous


  Zygote development takes pace in shelled egg
• Mammals Gestation Mechanism


  Viviparous
• Viviparous


  Zygote development takes place internally with a placenta and no yoke
• Other animals Gestation Mechanism

  Ovoviviparous
• Ovoviviparous 


  Animals Hatch Eggs inside of themselves and nurtures it without a placenta
• What is the male reproductive system designed to do?

  Produce sperm and Deliver it to Female
• Testes Function


  Producing Sperm
• Scrotum Function


  Protects the Testes, and Thermoregulates them
• Seminal Vesicles function


  Responsible for the Production of Semen
• Ejaculatory Duct Function 


  Delivers sperm into the Urethra
• Prostate Gland Function 


  Produces and fluid that combines with sperm cells to make semen
• Bulbourethral Gland Function


  Secretes Lubrication fluid to make semen
• Sperm Exit Tract Through Penis


  Seminiferous Tubes to Epididymis to Vas Deferens, then Ejaculatory Duct
• Spermatogonia 


  Premature Sperm Cells (Diploid)
• Spermatogonia after going through meiosis

  Four Spermatids (Haploid)
• Spermatids go through differentiation to. . .

  Make Mature Sperm
• Sperm Diagram


  Acrosome Head with Nucleus, Mitochondrial Neck, Flagellum Tail
• What controls Testicular Sexual Function?

  Hypothalamus
• Hypothalamus Releases what hormone in males?

  GnRH
• What does GnRH stimulate in Males

  Anterior Pituitary's Gonadotropic Cells
• What do Gonadotropic Cells in Men do

  Release Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone
• What does FSH do in Men?


  Promotes Spermatogenesis