Chemistry topic 5

• Crude oil

  A type of fossil fuel deep under ground.

  Contains dead animals and plants

  Soaked in rock
• Fractional distillation

  Involves heating crude oil and separating out different compounds
• Short chain

  Low melting + boiling points

  Less bonds = less energy needed
• Long chain

  High melting + boiling points

  More bonds = More energy needed
• Combustion

  Burning fuels with oxygen
• Complete combustion produces ?


  CO2 + water
• Incomplete combustion produces ?


  carbon monoxide + carbon
• Calorimeter

  Measures how much energy is in food (calories)
• combustion reaction

  Burning
• Alkanes

  Saturated

  Have as many hydrocarbons as possible
• Combustion fire triangle

  1. Oxygen
  2. Fuel
  3. Heat
• Properties of plastic

  1. Strong
  2. Flexible
  3. Cheap
  4. Waterproof
  5. Doesn,t rot
• Polymers

  Large molecules made from smaller molecules called monomers
• Additional polymerisation

  One type of monomer
• Condensation polymerisation

  Two or more types of monomers
• Issues with plastic disposal

  1. Takes hundreds of years to
  2. CO2 gas is released
  3. Toxic fuses
  4. Increase landfull
• Benefits of recycling Plastics

  Saves crude oil

  Reduces amount of waste

  Recycling uses less energy
• Monomer

  Small and reactive molecules that can be joined together to make a polymer.
• Order of fractional Distillation

  Crude oil - Chamber - Fractionating column
• What does crude oil involve

  Hydrocarbons
• What is cracking Crude oil

  A method to heat long chains to spilt into two hydrocarbon chains
• What do Alkenes react with

  Bromine water
• Combustion reaction equation

  Hydrocarbon + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water