plant cell organisation

• what are plant cells organised into?

  tissues & organs
• what is the epidermal tissue ?

  this covers the whole plant
• what is the palisade mesophyll tissue?


  this is the part of the leaf where most photosynthesis happens
• what is the spongy mesophyll tissue?


  this is also in the leaf, and contains big air spaces to allow gases to diffuse in and out of cells
• what are the xylem and phloem functions?


  they transport things like water, mineral ions and food around the plant - through roots, stems and leaves
• what is the meristem tissue?


  found at the growing tips of shoots and roots and is able to differentiate into lots of different types of plant cell, allowing the plant to grow
• parts of a leaf.

  .

  A) upper epidermis

  B) palisade mesophyll tissue

  C) spongy mesophyll tissue

  D) guard cells

  E) lower epidermis

  F) waxy cuticle

  G) xylem

  H) phloem

  I) guard cells with chorplasts

  J) exchange of gases through stomata

  
• how is the epidermal tissue related to its function?

  covered with a waxy cuticle - helps reduce water loss by evaporation
• how is the upper epidermis related to its function?

  its transparent so light can pass through to the palisade layer
• how is the palisade layer related to its function?

  It has lots of chloroplasts and they are at the top of the leaf where they can get the most light.
• how is the xylem and phloem related to its function?

  they form a network of vascular funnels which deliver water and nutrients - they take away the glucose produced by photosynthesis. they also support the structure
• how is the tissues related to its function?

  they are adapted for efficient gas exchange
• how is the lower epidermis tissue related to its function?


  full of little holes called stomata which let co2 diffuse directly into the leaf
• how is the guard cells related to its function?


  they open and close the stomata in response to environmental conditions
• how is the spongy mesophyll tissue related to its function?

  they have air spaces which increase the rate of diffusion of gases
• which structures in the lower epidermis of a leaf allows carbon dioxide to diffuse directly through the leaf?

  the stomata
• why does spongy mesophyll tissue have large air spaces?

  the large air spaces allow gases to diffuse in and out of cells
• where is the meristem tissue found?

  at the growing tips of shoots and roots
• what does meristem tissue do?


  cells in the tissue are able to differentiate - allowing the plant to grow
• explain why the upper epidermis is transparent.


  it allows light to pass through the palisade layer
• in which plant tissue does most photosynthesis happen?

  palisade mesophyll tissue