milgram variations

• milgram did a total of 24 variations of his study
• experiment 1


  remote feedback
• experiment 2


  verbal feedback
• experiment 3


  proximity condition
• experiment 4


  touch proximity
• in experiment one the learner banged on the wall at 300v and refused to answer after 315v
• in experiment one all participants went to 300v and 65% went to 450v
• in experiment two the learner cried out as the shocks increased in severity and no longer answered after 330v
• in experiment two 62.5% went to 450v
• in experiment three the learner was seen and heard by the teacher in the same room
• in experiment three 40% of participants went to 450v
• in experiment four the learner was required to place his own hand on a shock plate to receive the shock. at 150v the learner would refuse to touch the plate and the experimenter would be told to force the learners hand on to the plate
• in experiment four 30% went to 450v
• milgram's research has been criticised because it is unethical to deceive participants about what they are doing and some may argue that this could cause psychological harm
• milgram's research has also been criticised because he used male participants only so we cannot generalise these findings to females
• experiment 7


  telephonic instructions
• experiment 10


  run down office block
• experiment 13


  ordinary man gives orders
• the aim of telephonic instructions (experiment 7) was to establish if the proximity to the experimenter had an influence on the level of obedience
• in experiment 7 the initial instructions were given face to face and then the instructions were given over the phone
• in the telephonic instructions condition milgram found that obedience fell to 22.5%
• the aim of the run down office block (experiment 10) was to see of location had an affect of obedience
• in the run down office block condition milgram relocated his experiment and told participants that the experiment was being conducted by research associations of Bridgeport (a private company) rather than yale
• he found that obedience in the run down office block condition fell to 48% and concluded that a less reputable context reduced the legitimacy of the study
• milgram has also been criticised for using deception which could cause distress to some participants
• the aim of the ordinary man condition (experiment 13) was to test the role of authority and status on obedience
• in the ordinary man condition the teacher learner and experimenter all arrived and a rigged draw was done to decide roles. the experimenter didn't tell the teacher what levels to give and the learner suggested increasing the shock level.
• in the ordinary man condition there was a 20% obedience rate and the learner had to go to considerable lengths to persuade the teacher to administer shocks.