Structure of DNA and RNA

• Cell division occurs in two main stages, what are they?

  Nuclear division and cytokinesis.
• What is nuclear division?

  A process by which the nucleus divides.
• What is cytokinesis?


  A process by which the whole cell divides.
• What are the four types of nucleotides in DNA?

  Adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine.
• What are the four types of nucleotides in RNA?

  Adenine, uracil, guanine, and cytosine.
• What is the job of DNA helicase?


  To break the hydrogen bonds between opposing nucleotides.
• What is the job of DNA polymerase?


  Joins adjacent nucleotides together, forming phosphodiester bonds.
• How many hydrogen bonds are found between A and T?

  Two.
• How many hydrogen bonds are found between C and G?

  Three.
• What does DNA stand for?


  Deoxyribonucleic Acid.
• What sugar is found in DNA?


  Deoxyribose.
• What sugar is found in RNA?


  Ribose.
• What does RNA stand for?


  Ribonucleic Acid.
• Which nucleotide binds to cytosine?


  Guanine.
• Which nucleotide binds to guanine?

  Cytosine.
• Which nucleotide binds to adenine (in DNA)?

  Thymine.
• Which nucleotide binds to adenine (in RNA)?


  Uracil.
• What is complementary base pairing?


  The pairing of nucleotide bases in DNA, where adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T) and cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G).
• What bond joins adjacent nucleotides?

  Phosphodiester bonds.
• Name the part of the DNA nucleotide that contains nitrogen.

  The base.
• What is an isotope?


  When an atom can have different atomic masses or when a molecule has the same molecular formula, but a different structure.