PHy 210 Exam

• The three broad domains explored by developmental psychologists are....


  physical, cognitive, and psychological
• G. Stanley Hall is most often cited as the...

  founder of developmental psychology
• In an experimental design, the behavior being measured is called...

  the dependent psychology
• What is a cohort?

  a group of people born in a specified, limited span of years
• What is ethrocentrism?


  the belief that one's own culture is superior
• Instincts are best described as....

  inborn biological forces that motivate behavior
• In comparison to Freud, Erikson placed greater emphasis on...

  social influences
• ________ suggests that we should study only what we can directly observe and measure

  behaviorism
• Reciprocal determinism refers to...


  a continuous back and forth interaction between a person, his or her behavior, and the environment
• A major criticism of Piaget's theory is....

  it underestimates the cognitive abilities of young children
• _______ refers to the absence of oxygen


  anoxia
• The movement when the egg is fertilized by a sperm...

  conception
• What is the purpose of the Humane Genome Project?

  To map the sequence of strands of DNA in human chromosomes
• Gene expression is affected by both what?

  genetic and environmental factors
• Color blindness and hemophilia are examples of what?


  sex-linked inheritance
• ____________ becomes increasingly important as we age

  active gene-interaction
• The three periods of prenatal development are (from earliest to latest)

  germinal, embryo, and fetus
• Early in development, every neuron has the potential to become what?

  any type of neuron
• The _________, Thalidomide would most likely result in a baby being born with a missing limb

  teratogen
• The optimal range of maternal age for childbearing is _______________ years of age.

  20 to 34 years
• Having an older father increases the risk for a child being born with _______

  down syndrome
• The endocrine glands secrete _________ directly into the bloodstream

  hormones
• __________ refers to the specialization of the two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex

  lateralization
• A ________ is best described as unlearned and involuntary

  relex
• The critical period for brain development is during the _________ and early infancy

  late prenatal period
• _________ contributes to the development of secondary sex characteristics

  adrenarche
• Perception is best defined as....

  the interpretation of sensory input
• The tendency to perceive an object as not growing when it approaches out eyes or shrinking as it moves away is ___________

  size constancy
• Typically newborns can ________ better than they can see.

  hear
• The sense of tase and smell both rely on detection of ___________

  chemical molecules
• If you were experiencing tinnitus, you would hear _______ in your ears

  ringing
• Cognition is best defined as.....

  the activity of knowing and processing through which knowledge is acquired
• The correct order of Piaget's stages of cognitive development is ________, _________, ___________, and _________

  sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete, and formal operations
• Vygotsky referred to the gap between what a learner can accomplish independently and what he can do with guidance and assistance as the ____________

  zone of proximal development
• The tendency to focus on only a single aspect of a problem is called ________

  centration
• A teenager's difficulty in differentiating his own thoughts and feelings from those other people is called _______

  adolescent egocentrism
• The __________ approach to memory likens the human mind to a computer

  information processing
• A memory that occurs without any conscious effort is best referred to as _______

  implicit
• ________ is best described as learning not to respond

  habituation
• By age 2 years, most infants first begin to ________ events that happened months earlier

  verbalize