ENGLISH (Q4)

• Grammatical Signals or Expressions


  Writing devices such as transitional devices, connectors, determiners, and repetitions that are used to maintain text coherence
• Patterns of Idea Development

  • General to particular
  • Cause and effect
  • Claim and counterclaim
  • Problem-solution
• General to Particular


  1. Writer starts with the general idea stated in the topic sentence

  2. Then, it is elaborated and explained through specific details and examples
• Grammatical Signals used in General to Particular


  • also
  • for example
  • as an example
  • in addition/to
  • for instance
  • example of these
  • first
  • second
  • third
  • next
  • on one hand and on the other hand
• Cause and Effect


  1. When a writer presents reasons, he/she is explaining the causes

  2. When a writer explains the result, he/she is explaining the effects
• Grammatical Signals used in Cause and Effect


  • if
  • for
  • since
  • due to
  • because
  • owing to
  • resulting from
  • so
  • thus
  • hence
  • then
  • therefore
  • as a result
  • in effect
  • as consequence
  • leads to
  • that is why
  • one of the effects
• Claim and Counterclaim


  Refers to the structure of presenting a side of an issue in an argumentative manner
• Grammatical Signals used in Claim and Counterclaim


  • however
  • for
  • thus
  • even though
  • perhaps
  • agree
  • probably
  • apparently
  • believe
  • suggest
  • according to
• Problem-Solution


  When a writer identifies a problem and addresses it by presenting one or more solutions
• Grammatical Signals used in Problem-Solution


  • because
  • cause
  • since
  • as a result
  • in order to
  • and so that
  • as a solution
  • one way
• It is essential in writing to organise ideas in a logical and clear manner that suits the writer's purpose