solutions

• The solute is the substance that gets

  dissolved.
• Solutions are made by mixing two substances together until they become one uniform mixture.
• A solution is homogeneous, meaning it has no visible structure or layers
• The solvent does the dissolving.
• A substance that is soluble can be dissolved

  in another substance.
• A substance that is insoluble cannot be

  dissolved in another substance.
• Miscible substances are liquids that

  will dissolve in each other.
• Miscible liquids can easily dissolve in one

  another.
• Immiscible liquids are not soluble in each

  other.
• identify which is miscible and immiscible

  A) immiscible

  B) miscible

  
• Electrolytes are liquids that are

  capable of conducting

  electricity.
• Solution: a type of mixture that is the

  same throughout.
• –A solution can be physically separated
• –All portions of the solution have the

  same properties
• identify whether solute or solvent

  A) solute

  B) solvent

  C) solutes

  D) solvent

  
• types of solutions

  solid+solid=solid (alloys)

  solid+liquid=solid(dental filling)

  solid+gas=solid(charcoal filter)

  liquid+solid=liquid(syrup)

  liquid+liquid=liquid(rubbing alcohol)

  liquid+gas=liquid(oxygenated water)

  gas+solid=gas(gas)

  gas+gas=gas(gas particulates)
• concentrated A solution contains a relatively large amount

  of solute.
• dilute A solution contains relatively small of amount

  of solute.
• percent by mass = mass solute/(mass solution) x 100%
• percent by volume = volume solute/(volume of solution) x 100%
• Molarity(M)=moles of solute(mol)/(volume(L)of solution)
• molality(m)= moles(mol)solute/mass(kg)solvent
• mole fraction(X)= moles of component/total moles of solution
• parts per million(ppm) of component = volume of component /(volume of solution) x 10^6ppm
• Stock solutions are concentrated

  solutions in the laboratory with a

  known molar concentration and are

  diluted to a lower concentration for

  the actual use in the experiment.
• From the definition of molarity, since

  the total number of moles of solute

  does not change,

  M1V1 = M2V2

  where M1 and V1 are the molarity and volume of

  the initial solution and M2 and V2 are the molarity and

  volume of the final solution.