Brain Biology/Body

• frontal lobes


  front of brain, controls speech production, emotional behaviors, makes decisions, motor cortex initiates movement
• occipital lobes


  back of brain, visual cortex, info from right visual field processed in left visual cortex and vice versa
• parietal lobes


  touch sensations, insesnsory cortex, middle of brain behind motor cortex, btwn frontal and occipital lobes
• temporal lobes


  hearing,wernickes area in left lobe, understands language, right lobe understands music, above ears
• hemispheres


  right and left hemispheres divide brain in half
• hindbrain


  life support system, made of medulla, pons, cerebellum, brainstem
• pituitary gland


  pea sized, in core of brain, controlled by hyppothalamus, releases hormones that influence growth, sex hormones
• cerebellum


  baseball sized, extends from rear of brainstem, 2 halves, helps judge time, modulate emotions, discriminate sounds and textures,coordinates movement, balance
• cerebral cortex


  covers cerebellum hemispheres like bark, neural cells, thinking crown, sensory info, high level thinking
• corpus callosum


  wide band of axon fibers connecting 2 hemispheres of brain, carry messages between them
• hippocampus


  enables formation of new long term memories, above pituitary to left next to amygdala
• hypothalamus


  controld body temp, heartrate by controlling medulla, sets appetite, emotional state, hormones, biological rythms, bellow thalamus above pituitary
• lymbic system


  made of amygdala. hypothalamus btwn brains older parts and cerebral hemispheres
• medulla


  swelling of brainstem, controls heartbeat and breathing
• pons


  coordinate movement, above medulla, arousal
• reticular formation


  inside brainstem, btwn ears, network of neurons extending to thalamus, sensory info travels through, involved in arousal
• motor cortex


  strip down middle of cortex in rear of frontal lobes, left side controls right body movements vice versa
• sensory cortex


  strip behind motor corex, front of parietal lobes, recieves info from skin senses and movement senses of body
• amygdala


  two bean sized neural clusters next to hypocamupus on both sides, influences aggresion and fear
• dendrites


  branching tubular processes that recieve info and conducts it to cell body
• axon


  emerges from cyton and branches into terminal buttons sends info from dendrites to other neurons
• sympathetic nervous system


  division of autonomic, arouses body, mobilizes in stressful situations, unvoluntary, fight or flight
• parasympathetic nervous system


  calms body after an emergency and after sympathetic nervous system works
• autonomic nervous system


  non voluntary movements
• acetocholine


  enables muscle action, learning, memory
• dopamine


  influences movement,learning,attention,emotion, pleasure and reward system
• serotonin


  affects mood,hunger,sleep,arousal
• depression


  lack of serotonin. prozac medication
• plasticity


  brains ability to form new connections that take over for damaged parts
• right brain


  simple spatial reasoning
• left brain


  produces speech and understands it
• MRI


  magnetic field, aligns spinning of atoms, when atoms return to normal spin they release signals that provide detailed picture of brain tissues
• fMRI


  reveals structure and function, shows brain functions by blood movement to that part