Understanding Ways to Collect Data

• Research design described whether your study is a qualitative research or a quantitative research.
• Qualitative Research is a first-person point of view, more on textual or describing.
• Quantitative Research is a third-person point of view, focused on numbers and experimentation.
• Types of Qualitative Research/Data

  Ethnography Research, Narrative Research, Phenomenological Research, Case Study
• Ethnography Research IMMERSES you as a TARGET PARTICIPANT in the environment to understand the GOAL of the research.
• Narrative Research is a WEAVED sequence of events, usually from one or two individuals.
• Phenomenological Research is an APPROPRIATE qualitative method to DESCRIBE an event, activity, or phenomenon.
• Case Study shows ways of explaining an organization, entity, company, or events. Which involves a deep understanding of multiple types of data sources.
• Types of Quantitative Research/Data

  Survey Research, Correlational Research, Causal-Comparative Research, Experimental Research
• Survey Research uses interviews, questionnaires, and sampling to get a sense of behavior from a population.
• Correlational Research is a test of the RELATIONSHIP between two variables.
• Causal-Comparative Research looks to uncover a cause-and-effect relationship between two or more groups.
• Experimental Research is guided by a hypothesis.
• What are the respondents subject of the study?

  Population, Sampling Procedure, Statistics
• Respondents or Subject of the Study describe the largest population in the sample frame.
• Population is the total number of people who serve as subjects or respondents of the study.
• Sampling Procedure is a method of identifying parts of the respondents of the study.
• Statistics is a branch of mathematics that deals with the analysis and interpretation of numerical data in terms of sampling and population.
• Sampling Techniques is a process of choosing, and selecting respondents or a sample from a population.
• What are the 2 types of sampling techniques?

  Probability Sampling and Non-Probability Sampling
• Types of Probability Sampling

  Random Sampling, Cluster/Area Sampling, Systematic Sampling, Stratified Random Sampling
• Probability Sampling - everyone has the chance to choose a sample.
• Random Sampling is when the population has an EQUAL chance of being chosen as a sample.
• Cluster or Area Sampling is when the population is SPREAD OUT over a wide area and a small area.
• Systematic Sampling is when the population is being chosen in every 9TH ELEMENT or SERIES.
• Stratified Random Sampling is when the population is DIVIDED into categories or strata.
• Non-Probability Sampling - everyone DOESN'T have the chance to be chosen.
• Types of Non-Probability Sampling

  Convenience Sampling and Purposive Sampling
• Convenience Sampling is used for the AVAILABILITY of the researcher and the study that is already existing.
• Purposive Sampling is when the researcher has its OWN PURPOSE or CHARACTERISTIC in choosing his respondents
• Instrument of the Study describes the specific type of researcher instrument that will be used such as a questionnaire, checklist, interview, and teacher-made test etc.
• Statistical Treatment of Data - the researcher can use DIFFERENT STATISTICAL TREATMENTS depending on the needs of the study for testing.
• Examples of Statistical Treatment

  Percentage, Weighted Mean, Standard Deviation, T-Test, Pearson Correlation, Chi-Square, ANOVA
• One-way ANOVA has only one variable while two-way ANOVA has two variables.
• What statistical tool is needed when the DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF RESPONDENTS is asked?

  Frequency and Percentage
• What statistical tool is needed when the LEVEL OF EFFECTIVENESS (or comparison) is asked?

  Mean and Standard Deviation
• What statistical tool is needed when the SIGNIFICANT RELATIONSHIP is asked?

  Pearson Correlation
• What statistical tool is needed when the SIGNIFICANT DIFFERNECE is asked?

  T-Test