CARBOHYDRATES

• Organisms are composed of cells and these cells are made up of the following elements: CARBON, HYDROGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, PHOSPORUS, SULFUR; 6, 1, 8, 7, 15, 16
• ALL LIFE FORM CONTAINS: CARBON, GLUCOSE, CARBON DIOXIDE; 6, C6H1206, CO2
• POLYMOERS: Chains of Monomers
• MONOMERS: Units of Polymers
• FOUR TYPES OF BIOMOLECULES: Lipids, Carbohydrates, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids
• Carbohydrates has essential nutrients which include sugars, fibers and starches
• ELEMENTS OF CARBOHYDRATES: Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
• MONOMER OF CARBOHYDRATES: Monosaccharide
• POLYMER OF CARBOHYDRATES: Polysaccharide
• FUNCTION OF CARBOHYDRATES: Short term (fast) energy storage and provides structure
• SIMPLE CARBOHYDRATES

  ✓ Have one or two sugar molecules

  ✓ Molecules are digested and converted quickly resulting in a rise in the blood sugar levels

  ✓ They are also called “empty calories” as they do not possess fiber, vitamins and minerals
• SIMPLE CARBOHYDRATES MONOSACCHARIDE: Glucose: BLOOD SUGAR, Fructose: FRUIT SUGAR, Galactose: MILK SUGAR
• MONOSACCHARIDES Classification according to the number of carbon atoms:

  Triose – 3 carbon atoms per molecule

  Tetrose – 4 carbon atoms per molecule

  Pentose – 5 carbon atoms per molecule

  Hexose – 6 carbon atoms per molecule

  Heptose – 7 carbon atoms per molecule
• DISACCHARIDES Boded by Glycosidic bonds:

  Glucose + Fructose = SUCROSE

  Table sugar and honey

  Galactose + Glucose = LACTOSE

  Milk and other dairy products

  Glucose + Glucose = MALTOSE

  Cereal, beer, potatoes, cheese, pasta
• COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATES- POLYSACCHARIDES

  STARCH= ARRYLOSE+ARRYLOPECTIN

  GLYCOGEN= ANIMAL STARCH

  CELLULOSE= STRUCTURAL CARBOHYDRATE