Coordinate System

• Latitude is measured from the equator, with values ranging from -90° at the South Pole to +90° at the North Pole.
• A point can be located by its latitude (lat) and longitude (long).
• The coordinate system is used to locate points on the Earth's surface.
• Longitude is measured from the Prime Meridian (Greenwich), which runs through London, England, with values ranging from -180° westward to +180° eastward.
• The Earth's surface is divided into grids called "graticules" or "gridlines".
• The Earth's surface can be divided into grids using lines of latitude and longitude called parallels and meridians respectively.
• There are two types of grid systems: geographic and projected.
• There are 360 degrees around the entire globe.
• Quadrant I represents positive x-values and positive y-values.
• The intersection of two lines of equal length drawn perpendicularly to one another forms four quadrants.
• The lines that run north-south are called parallels.
• Latitudes range from 90° north to 90° south.
• Geographic coordinates use degrees as units of measurement.
• Artic circle is found at 66 degrees latitude
• Tropic of cancer is found at 23 degrees latitude
• Tropic of Capricorn is found at -23 degrees latitude
• Equator is found at 0 degrees latitude
• Antarctic Circle is found at 66 degrees latitude
• Prime Meridian is located at 0 degrees longitude
• Different time zones come from the fact that the Earth rotates on its axis, so the sun appears to move across the sky
• The world spins 360 degrees in 24 hour thus equals to every hour is 15 degrees that is why we have time zones.
• Time zone lines are imaginary lines drawn around the globe where one side has daylight while the other side has darkness.
• There are 24 different time zones worldwide.
• In the United States there are four main time zones which are Eastern Standard Time (EST), Central Standard Time (CST), Mountain Standard Time (MST) and Pacific Standard Time (PST).
• Daylight Saving Time (DST) is when clocks are set forward by an hour during summer months to make better use of natural light.
• Coordinate system: A system of reference points and lines that define the position of an object in space.
• Latitude: The angular distance north or south of the equator, measured in degrees from 0° at the equator to ±90° at the poles.
• Prime Meridian: An arbitrary line passing through Greenwich, England, used as the zero point for measuring longitudes.
• Longitude: The angular distance east or west of the prime meridian, measured in degrees from 0° at the prime meridian to ±180° at the antimeridians.
• Geographic Information Systems (GIS): Computer systems designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present data related to positions on Earth's surface.
• Military Grid Reference System (MGRS): A grid system developed by the U.S. Department of Defense for military purposes, consisting of a ten-digit code representing latitude and longitude coordinates.
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