Physical science

• Gnomon

  a primitive version of sundial

  They also observed that sun always rises on the east and sets on the west.
• Solstice-

  An event either of two times in the year, when the sun reaches its highest and shortest days.
• Gibbous moon- is anytime more than half the moon is lit by the sun.
• SUMMER SOLSTICE- Longer path across the sky
• WINTER SOLSTICE -shorter path
• Crescent- Is anytime less than half moon is lit by the sun
• Full Moon- The entire face of the Moon appears illuminated as seen from Earth
• Lunar- • Occurs when the moon passes into the shadow of the earth.
• Constellation- • group of stars with names assigned by early Greeks
• NORTH STAR- can be seen in celestial pole.
• Celestial Sphere - imaginary sphere surrounding the earth.
• DIURNAL- the daily movement of the star across the sky.
• ANNUAL MOTION- the yearly movement of the stars.
• PRECESSION OF EQUINOXES- a slow movement of earth’s axis around another axis.
• VENUS- Earth twins “evening Star”
• MERCURY- Closest to the sun. the smallest and fastest planet
• MARS “red Planet”
• JUPITER- a huge planet shrouded in thick clouds that is surface cannot be seen.
• SATURN- surrounded by 2 rings in the plane of its equator
• Aristotle- Based on literal (theoretical) observation and assumption
• Natural or vertical motion-

  natural tendency of an object to go its nature place
• Violent or horizontal motion:in order to for an object to move force must be applied.
• Projectile motion:an object is influenced by downward force of gravity (paghulog ng mga object)
• IMPETUS: a force or energy permits an object to move.
• GALILEO • He conducted an experiment to illustrate his theory of motion.
• GALILEO • He conducted an experiment to illustrate his theory of motion.
• Vertical motion: absence of air resistance kapag ang object nasa vacuum space nagbagsak ng two object ng sabay mahuhulog ng sabay
• Vertical motion- if two objects of different weight dropped from a height both of them will hit the ground at the same time.
• Horizontal motion- he believed that even when he had stopped pushing the cart,its natural tendency was to continue to move without any assistance
• Projectile motion: is a combination of uniform motion in the horizontal direction and uniformly accelerated motion in vertical direction.
• Nicolaus Copernicus - who put forth the theory the sun is at rest near the center of the universe this called heliocentric.
• Galileo

  • observed with his telescope that venus near the sunshowed phases despite remaining near the sun in Earth’s sky. this proved that its orbits the sun and not the earth.
• Thales- earth is disk floating on water
• Anaximander- earth is a cylinder and its surface is curved
• Geocentrism- earth is at the center of the universe
• Pythagoras - first to assert that earth is round and heavenly bodies move in circles - motions of the planets were mathematically related to musical sounds and numbers THE MUSIC OF THE SPHERES
• Plato - viewed the universe as perfect and unchanging
• Eudoxus- 27 concentric spheres
• Aristotle - used buffering spheres between the celestial sphere of eudoxus and an outermost sphere that was domain of the PRIME MOVER

  • 56 concentric spheres
• Ptolemy - Devised a more complex epicyclic model and earth each planet has its own epicycle and deferent