Testing for cations

• How do you test for ammonia?

  Add dilute sodium hydroxide

  Warm carefullly
• What is the positive result for ammonia?

  Ammonia gas released on warming

  Damp red litmus turns blue
• How do you test for copper (II)?

  Add dilute sodium hydroxide OR ammonia solution
• What is the positive result for copper (II)?

  Blue ppt forms
• How do you test for iron (II)?

  Add dilute sodium hydroxide OR ammonia solution
• What is the positive result for iron (II)?

  Pale green ppt forms
• How do you test for iron (III)?

  Add dilute sodium hydroxide OR ammonia solution
• What is the positive result for iron (III)?

  Red-brown ppt forms
• How do you test for zinc?

  Add dilute sodium hydroxide OR ammonia solution
• What is the positive result for zinc?

  White ppt forms