Science

• Longitude


  Measurement of location east or west of the prime meridian at Greenwich, England
• Latitude


  Measurement of location north or south of the equator
• Locating places using


  1. Latitude and Longitude (Earth's Grid System)

  2. Landmasses and Bodies of Water
• Northern Hemisphere


  Part of the Earth that lies north of the equator
• Southern Hemisphere


  Part of the Earth that lies south of the equator
• Five lines of latitude


  • Arctic Circle
  • Antarctic Circle
  • Tropic of Cancer
  • Equator
  • Tropic of Capricorn
• Lines of latitude


  Tell us whether a place is located in the Northern or Southern Hemisphere as well as how far North or South from the Equator it is
• Prime Meridian


  The line of 0° longitude, the starting point for measuring distance both east and west around Earth
• Lines of longitude


  Indicate how far East or West of the Prime Meridian a place is
• Parallels


  Lines of latitude
• Meridians


  Lines of longitude
• Equator


  The 0-degree latitude line
• International Date Line


  An imaginary line that runs from the North Pole to the South Pole, primarily along the 180th meridian of longitude in the Pacific Ocean. It serves as the boundary between one calendar day and the next.
• Geographic coordinate system


  A system that is used to locate places using the degree of latitude and longitude
• Coordinates


  A pair of numbers that describe the position of a point
• How to get the coordinates of a place


  1. Open Google Maps

  2. Right-click the place or area on the map

  3. Left-click on the latitude and longitude to copy the coordinates
• Lithosphere


  The crust and the upper layer of the mantle together make up a zone of rigid, brittle rock called the Lithosphere
• Layers of the Earth


  • Crust
  • Mantle
  • Core
• Crust


  • It is the thinnest and the outermost layer of the earth's interior
  • Thickness varies, under mountains it can be as thick as 60 km and less than 5 km under the ocean
  • It is the least dense of all the layers
  • It is made up of silicon and oxygen
• Oceanic crust


  Very dense, made of Basalt
• Continental crust


  Less dense, made of Granite
• Mantle


  • It is the largest layer of the Earth
  • It is made of hot, dense rock
  • The rock in the mantle flows like asphalt because of the temperature differences found in the mantle
• Asthenosphere


  Part of the mantle, made of bendable rock, like a marshmallow, still a solid but it can move and flow
• Mesosphere


  Lower part of the mantle, touches the outer core, made of hard strong solid rock/minerals
• Core


  • It is the innermost and the central region of the Earth's interior
  • The core is divided into 2 layers—Outer and Inner
  • The core is so hot and has so much pressure that if you were to go there—you would be squished into something even smaller than a marble
• Outer Core


  Composed of iron-rich metal alloy, and it is inferred to be in liquid form
• Inner Core


  Comprises the entire center of the Earth's interior
• The crust can be as thick as 3 miles to 75 miles in size
• No one has ever been below or even drilled below the crust
• The center of the Earth is hotter than the surface of the Sun
• The temperatures in the mantle range from 2000-5000 °F
• The temperatures in the core range from 7000-12000 °F
• The core creates the Earth's magnetic field
• 3 main layers of the Earth


  • Crust
  • Mantle
  • Core
• Crust


  Very thin
• The mantle is the largest layer of the Earth
• The Outer Core is a liquid
• Lithosphere


  The "crunchy" layer of the crust and uppermost part of the mantle
• The layer located below the mantle is the Core
• 2 layers of the Core


  • Inner core
  • Outer Core