Environment- Chemistry

• The projected world human population on Jan. 1, 2023, is 7,942,645,086, an increase of 0.94% from New Year's Day 2022

  
• Overpopulation


  Increased birth rate, decreased death rate, immigration to a new ecological niche with fewer predators, or the sudden decline in available resources
• Effects of Overpopulation


  • Exacerbates the depletion of natural resources and contributes to ecological degradation
  • More people mean an increased demand for food, water, housing, energy, healthcare, transportation, and more
  • Can lead to a shortage of workers, affecting economic productivity and growth
• Effects of Underpopulation


  • Decline in the demand for goods and services
  • Reduced tax revenue and a smaller workforce impact the quality of services and infrastructure
• Global Warming, Ozone Formation, Ozone Depletion, Climate Change are environmental issues
• Effects of Climate Change in the Water Bodies

  • Thermal Expansion
  • Formation of Stronger Hurricanes and Storms
  • Acidification
  • Melting of Ice
  • Change in Currents
  • Deoxygenation
• Desertification, Deforestation, and Loss of Biodiversity and Extinction are environmental issues
• The COVID-19 pandemic had different effects on the environment
• Effects of COVID-19 pandemic


  • New Delhi's Gate Before and During Pandemic
  • China Air Quality During Pandemic
  • Sika deer wandered over to a sushi restaurant in Nara, Japan
• UV radiation can cause skin cancer and cataracts in humans as well as damage plants and animals.
• Ozone absorbs UV radiation from sunlight, which prevents it reaching the earth's surface.
• The ozone layer is found at an altitude between 15km to 30 km above the Earth's surface
• Nitric acid (HNO3) is produced when NOx reacts with water vapour in the atmosphere.
• Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are used as refrigerants, propellants in aerosols, solvents, and fire extinguishers.
• Ground-level ozone pollution occurs when NOx and VOCs react with oxygen molecules in the presence of light energy.
• Nitrous Oxide (N2O): A greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming and depletes stratospheric ozone.
• Stratospheric ozone protects life on Earth by blocking most of the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) rays.
• In the stratosphere, there is an abundance of oxygen molecules which absorb UV radiation.
• CFCs have been banned due to their contribution to global warming and depletion of the ozone layer.
• CFCs are used in refrigeration systems, air conditioning units, fire extinguishers, and foam packaging materials.
• Tropospheric ozone is formed by photochemical reactions involving nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
• Methane (CH4) is released during natural gas extraction and production.
• Carbon Monoxide (CO): A toxic pollutant formed by incomplete combustion of fossil fuels.