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• Boyle's Law


  The pressure (P) and volume (V) of a confined gas are inversely proportional to one another, given that the temperature (T) of the system is held constant
• Boyle's Law


  1. Pressure is inversely proportional to volume

  2. If volume is halved, pressure will double

  3. If volume increases, pressure decreases
• Gay-Lussac's Law


  At constant volume, the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature
• Gay-Lussac's Law


  If pressure triples, temperature will also triple
• Charles's Law


  At constant pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature measured in Kelvin
• Charles's Law


  If temperature is doubled, volume will also double
• Monosaccharide


  The simplest form of carbohydrates
• Amino acid


  The smallest unit of protein
• Carbohydrates


  • Their main function in living organisms is to supply energy
• Primary structure of a protein


  The sequence of amino acids
• Reactant


  A substance that is present before a chemical reaction took place
• In balancing a chemical equation, coefficients can be altered
• Law of conservation of mass


  Mass is conserved, it remains constant before and after the reaction
• Balancing a chemical equation


  Adjust coefficients to ensure the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides
• Law of conservation of mass states that The total mass of the products in a reaction must be equal to the total mass of the reactants
• Chemical reaction


  The process in which the atoms of one or more substances are rearranged to form new substance(s)
• Mixing acids and bases


  • Produces salt and water, demonstrating conservation of mass
• Activation energy


  Explains how successful a chemical reaction will be
• Energy diagram


  Used to analyze the changes in energy that occur during chemical reactions, shows the direction of chemical reaction
• Reactants


  The molecules in a collision during a chemical reaction
• Activation energy


  Needed to break the bond between reactants in a chemical reaction
• Effective collision


  1. Colliding molecules must possess a minimum kinetic energy

  2. Energy of reactants must be raised over an energy barrier

  3. Reactant molecules should be in correct orientation
• Chemical reaction


  Particles of two reactants collide and form a new different product
• Catalyst


  Affects the progress of a chemical reaction by reducing the activation energy
• When balancing a chemical equation, the principle of law of conservation of mass will be applied