Plants and Animal Organ System and their Functions

• Levels of Organization


  • Atoms
  • Organelles
  • Cells
  • Tissue
  • Organ
  • Organ system
  • Organism
  • Population
  • Ecosystem
• A cell is the smallest unit of an organism
• In complex organisms, cells are specialized for specific functions
• Tissue


  A group of similar specialized cells that work together to perform a specific function
• Types of animal tissue

  • Connective tissue
  • Epithelial tissue
  • Muscle tissue
  • Nerve tissue
• Organ


  Combines different kinds of tissues that function together
• Organ system


  A group of organs that work together to perform a major function
• Plant tissues


  • Parenchyma
  • Collenchyma
  • Sclerenchyma
• Plant tissue types


  • Dermal
  • Vascular
  • Ground
• Specialized plant cells

  • Xylem
  • Phloem
• Meristem


  Embryotic stem cells that produce other cells, located on the tip of developmental parts
• Stomata

  • Guarded by guard cells
  • Promote CO2 intake and H2O and O2 outtake
  • Grants need for Calvin Cycle
• Energy Production and Distribution


  1. Sugar produced by leaf through photosynthesis

  2. Sugar is translocated through flow
• Minerals and Water Transport

  1. Root intake water and mineral

  2. Aids photosynthesis

  3. Symbiotic relationship with fungi
• Pollination


  • Transfer of pollen from anther to stigma
  • Double Fertilization ensures endosperm develops
• Tissues are made up of groups of cells
• Tissues work along one another in groups which makes up organs
• An organ system consists of groups of organs working together
• Structures of the Digestive System


  • Mouth
  • Esophagus
  • Stomach
  • Small intestines
  • Gallbladder
  • Large intestines
• Digestive System Function

  • Uses enzymes to break down, absorb, and excrete food taken into the body
  • Helps in cellular respiration by supplying sugars such as glucose
• Structures of the Respiratory System


  • Trachea
  • Bronchi
  • Lungs
  • Diaphragm
  • Gills
  • Hemoglobin
• Respiratory System Function


  • Allows us to breathe
  • Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the process
• Structures of the Nervous System


  • Neuron
  • Axon
  • Dendrites
  • Synapse
• Nervous System Function


  • Allows control for the body through communication
  • Regulating processes in the body
  • Coordination with other systems
• Structures of the Circulatory System


  • Vena cava
  • Right atrium
  • Tricuspid valve
  • Right ventricle
  • Pulmonary artery
  • Lungs
  • Pulmonary veins
  • Left atrium
  • Mitral valve
  • Left ventricle
  • Aortic valve
  • Aorta
• Circulatory System Function


  • Supplies the body with blood and oxygen
  • Transports carbon dioxide, oxygen, nutrients throughout the body
• Circulatory System Adaptation


  • A 4 chambered heart is able to separate deoxygenated and oxygenated blood
• Structures of the Excretory System


  • Kidney
  • Glomerulus
  • Nephron
  • Bowman's capsule
  • Loop of Henle
  • Collecting duct
• Excretory System Function


  Filters the blood, keeps water balance, and excretes nitrogenous waste
• Muscle Structure


  • Muscle cells
  • Sarcomeres
  • Actin & myosin fibers
  • Tropomyosin regulatory protein
• Muscle Function


  Helps with movement
• Immune System Structure


  • Lymph system
  • Leukocytes
  • Lymphocytes
  • Macrophage
  • B cells
  • T cells
• Immune System Function


  Protects body from attacks by pathogens
• Reproductive System Structures


  • Testicles
  • Penis
  • Glands
  • Sperm
  • Ovaries
  • Eggs
  • Fallopian tubes
  • Uterus
• Reproductive System Function


  • Create offspring
  • Produce sex cells
• rb mineral from the root and thus transport water to the leaves, thus causing wilt
• Because of long drought, the plant's root have no water to absorb and thus resulting in a lack of water. To counter the lack, the plant wilt its leaves, which eventually decreases loss of water due to stomata
• Because of sunlight presence, the plant lose an excessive amount of water through stomata
• Because of sunlight presence, the plant's stomata can no longer regulate water loss
• The pot of cactus that he have forgotten in the corner of his room for months shows no symptoms of wilting