Combustion

• Combustion is the process of burning something to release energy
• Burning is a chemical process by which two or more atoms or molecules will combine with eachother to form a new substance
• Hydrocarbons are compounds made of hydrogen and carbon. they form the basics for fuels.
• Fuels are materials such as coal, gas or oil that is burned to produce heat or power
• A carbon footprint is the total amount of greenhouse gas emissions (like CO2) that come from the production, use and end-of-life of a product or service.
• What is the word equation for combustion?

  Hydrocarbon + oxygen --> carbon dioxide + water (+energy)
• How is the word equation for combustion similar and different to aerobic respiration?

  Similar: Both involve the reaction of a fuel with oxygen to release energy. Different: Combustion is a rapid, uncontrolled process mainly for energy release, while aerobic respiration is a controlled process in living organisms to produce ATP.
• What is combustion?


  Combustion is a chemical reaction that occurs when a fuel combines with oxygen to produce heat, light, and new chemical compounds.
• What are three things needed for combustion?

  Fuel, oxygen, heat
• what is oxidation?


  the gain or loss of electrons and the substance being oxidised with oxygen..
• Metal + Oxygen -->

  metal oxide
• What is the conservation of mass?


  The principle that states that mass cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.
• What is complete combustion?


  It occurs when there is a sufficient supply of oxygen, allowing the fuel to burn completely. In this process, all the carbon in the fuel is converted into carbon dioxide, and all the hydrogen is converted into water. The result is with no harmful byproducts.
• What is incomplete combustion?


  Incomplete combustion is a type of combustion where the fuel does not burn completely due to insufficient oxygen supply. This results in the formation of harmful byproducts such as carbon monoxide (CO) and soot. It can contribute to air pollution and the release of greenhouse gases.
• What is carbon monoxide poisoning?

  Toxicity from inhaling carbon monoxide gas. it is known as the silent killer.
• Pollutants from vehicle exhausts can form hazy smog. a harmful mixture or particles and gases.

  • Carbon monoxide is poisonous and can kill.
  • carbon dioxide is linked to global warming.
  • sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides can lead to acid rain.
  • soot particles can damage lungs and trigger asthma.
• What is a catalytic converter in a car?


  Emission control and it causes carbon monoxide gases to react with more oxygen to form carbon dioxide. and nitrogen oxides are broken down into oxygen and nitrogen.
• 1. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides rise into the air
  2. the gases dissolve in water vapour
  3. rain is more acidic than normal
  4. acid rain can harm plants and animals

  but acidic soil can be neutralised by adding substances such as calcium carbonate.
• catalyst convertor-

  
• What is the greenhouse effect?

  The greenhouse effect is the process through which heat is trapped near the Earth's surface by substances known as greenhouse gases.
• The greenhouse effect:

  
• Fuel


  A chemical substance from which stored energy can be released by burning
• Fuels


  • Hydrogen
  • Coal
  • Wood
  • Natural gas
• Fuel cell


  A setup that allows us to use hydrogen as a fuel to power cars or vehicles
• Hydrogen is extremely flammable and can catch fire easily
• Example of hydrogen fuel accident


  • The Hindenburg disaster
• Burning hydrogen


  1. Gather a spark

  2. Have the presence of oxygen

  3. Hydrogen will continue to burn without adding anything else
• Hydrocarbons


  Substances that contain hydrogen and carbon, obtained from oil
• Burning hydrocarbons


  Hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water
• Tests for products of hydrocarbon combustion


  • Carbon dioxide turns limewater cloudy
  • Water turns cobalt chloride paper blue to pink
• Word equation for hydrocarbon combustion: Hydrocarbon + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water
• Oxidation


  When an element reacts with oxygen to form an oxide
• Mass is conserved in chemical reactions - no new atoms are created or destroyed, they just rearrange
• Oxidation reaction example


  Zinc + Oxygen → Zinc oxide
• The discovery of oxygen disproved the phlogiston theory
• Word equations for oxidation reactions

  1. Magnesium + Oxygen → Magnesium oxide

  2. Iron + Oxygen → Iron oxide

  3. Copper + Oxygen → Copper oxide
• Burning reactions are exothermic - they release heat energy
• Fire triangle


  The three things needed for a fire: fuel, heat, and oxygen
• Hazard symbols indicate substances that are flammable, oxidizing, or explosive
• Fire extinguishers


  Used to control or extinguish fires by removing heat or oxygen