Distinguishing basic technical terms in research ctto

• Research


  A discovery and exploration of the unknown. It involves an investigation of facts leading to the discovery of new ideas and methods, resulting in the discovery of new truth.
• Research


  A systematic inquiry that uses disciplined methods to answer questions or solve problems. The goals of research are to develop, refine, and expand the body of knowledge.
• Research


  A systematic and scientific procedure of data collection, compilation, analysis, interpretation, and implication pertaining to any problem.
• Purpose of research


  • To inform action, to prove a theory, and contribute to developing knowledge in a field or study.
• Benefits of research


  • Fosters critical thinking and analytical thinking, instills learning, defining academic, career and personal interests, and expanding knowledge.
• Types of research

  • Action research
  • Thesis
  • Dissertation
  • Case study
• SMART


  A good way to remember the fundamentals of research paper writing and prepare an author in writing a successful research paper.
• SMART research paper


  • Specific - Maintains focus on answering a specific research question
  • Measurable - Contains specific, proven research, and cites all related literature
  • Attainable - Provides a thesis statement that answers the research question and contributes to the knowledge of the given subject
  • Realistic - Is objective and realistic, based on valid evidence from reliable sources
  • Time - Knowing the scope, time frames, and limitations of the work
• Major kinds of research methods


  • Quantitative Method - Focuses on testing hypotheses using the scientific method, numerical data, and statistical analysis
  • Qualitative Method - Focuses on exploring ideas and formulating theory or hypothesis, analyzed by summarizing, categorizing and interpreting, mainly expressed in words
• Quantitative research


  Focuses on testing theories and hypotheses, analyzed through math and statistical analysis, mainly expressed in numbers, graphs and tables, requires many respondents, uses closed multiple choice questions.
• Qualitative research


  Focuses on exploring ideas and formulating theory or hypothesis, analyzed by summarizing, categorizing and interpreting, mainly expressed in words, requires few respondents, uses open-ended questions.
• Ways to narrow down a research topic

  • By Demographic Characteristics
  • By Relevant Issues
  • By Location
  • By Time Frame
  • By Cause
• Major parts of a research paper

  • Title Page
  • Abstract
  • Chapter 1 - Introduction
  • Chapter 2 - Review of Related Literature and Studies
• Title Page


  Contains the working title of the study, to whom it is intended, declaration of the context of the work, and a formal explanatory statement accompanied by the discipline or program and the author of the work.
• Abstract


  A brief summary of the research, containing the conclusion, the findings, and a short discussion of the problem, method and design.
• Introduction


  The main focus of the research, purpose and overview of the topic, main points of importance of the topic, designed to attract readers' attention.
• Research Problem


  The statement of the issue to be investigated, expressed clearly in an interrogative or question form.
• Research Objectives


  A statement of purpose for which the investigation is to be conducted, stated in declarative form.
• Hypothesis


  A tentative explanation or prediction of a causal relationship between variables. There are two types: null hypothesis (no significant relationship) and alternative hypothesis (existence of an observed phenomenon).
• Theoretical Framework


  A symbolic construction which uses abstract concepts, facts, or laws, variables and their relations that explains and predicts how an observed phenomenon exists and operates.
• Assumptions


  Basic principles that are accepted as true, on the basis of logic or reason without proof or verification.
• Significance of the Study


  The importance and relevance of the research.
• Scope and Delimitation of the Study


  The boundaries and limitations of the research.
• Definition of Terms


  Explanations of key terms used in the research.
• Review of Related Literature and Studies


  A section in a research paper where sources are taken from books, journals, magazines, novels, poetry and many others, which have a direct bearing on the topic of the study.
• Theoretical framework


  A symbolic construction which uses abstract concepts, facts or laws, variables and their relations that explains and predicts how an observed phenomenon exists and operates
• Assumption


  A basic principle that is being true, on the basis of logic or reason without proof or verification
• Significance of the Study
• Scope and Delimitation of the Study
• Definition of Terms
• Related readings


  Readings such as laws, department directives, circulars, orders, memoranda which are related to the present study
• Related literature


  Sources taken from books, journals, magazines, novels, poetry and many others
• Related studies


  Published and unpublished research studies
• Research Methodology
• Research design


  • A framework on which the research is conducted
• Population


  The totality of all individuals having specific characteristics that a researcher is interested in
• Sampling techniques


  The process of selecting participants needed to answer the research questions
• Research locale


  The place where the research is conducted
• Research instruments and techniques


  Measuring instruments used for gathering or collecting data
• Data Analysis and Procedure