ITWR 4th QUARTER

• Hinduism


  The oldest major religion, 5000 years old, 3rd largest, traditional religion of India, originated in the Indus Valley, not based on teachings of a person or group
• Hinduism


  • Polytheistic religion
  • Aum is the most sacred symbol, generally said three times before chanting any prayer
• Vedas


  The holy writings, oldest writings, divinely given (by god) or revealed knowledge, divided into 4 scriptures: Rigveda, Yajur Veda, Sama Veda, Artharva Veda, each with 4 parts: Samhita, Brahmanas, Aranyakas, Upanishads
• Worship in Hinduism

  Believe in one supreme being called Brahman, worship that one god in various forms, believe god is omnipresent, deity may be represented in feminine and masculine ways
• Worship at home


  Have a small shrine with image of family's chosen god and associated objects, perform activities like prayer, meditation, reciting mantras, studying sacred writings, regularly wash images
• Hindu trinity


  Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva, Hindus are polytheistic and will devote themselves to one god, their personal deity
• Brahma


  • The creator, has four heads, four faces, and four arms, often pictured holding a holy scripture, lord of sacrifices
• Vishnu


  • The preserver, one of the most important Hindu gods, has four arms holding a conch shell, discus, locust, and mace, peaceful, merciful and compassionate, rides a bird named garuda
• Shiva


  • The destroyer of evil, holds a trushul, rides a white bull, often seen wearing a tiger skin
• Mandir


  The Hindu place of worship, considered to be the "home of god", each mandir is dedicated to a god or deity
• Ganesha


  • The elephant-headed god, son of God Shiva and Goddess Parvati, god of wisdom, success, and good luck
• 4 basic Hindu beliefs

  • Dharma
  • Karma
  • Reincarnation (Samsara)
  • Moksha
• Dharma


  The moral balance of all things, played out in all aspects of life: religion, social, family
• Karma


  The concept that if you do good deeds, good things will happen in your life. If you do bad deeds, bad things will happen in your life. Further, if you live a good life, you will be reincarnated into a higher form, if you live a bad life, you will be reincarnated into a lower form.
• Reincarnation (Samsara)


  The concept that the soul is immortal, and all life forms are reborn into a new entity after death. The soul travels from one body to the next.
• Moksha


  When your soul becomes free from the cycle of rebirth and is no longer reincarnated, this happens after you reach the highest level of rebirth, and you can't be born into a higher form. Your soul becomes one with god.
• The four classes - caste system

  • Brahmins (priests, teachers)
  • Kshatriyas (rulers, warriors)
  • Vaishyas (landowners, merchants)
  • Sudras (servants)
  • Dalits (fifth case, the untouchable or polluted, responsible for doing the dirtiest jobs)
• Confucianism


  "Do not do unto other what you do not want others to do unto you"
• Confucius


  Chinese teacher and philosopher, founder of the religion Confucianism, based on his writings and teachings
• Jen/Ren


  Virtue, love, humanity, benevolence, true manhood, the essence of all virtues and the ground of human dignity
• Confucian Virtues


  • Virtue or De
  • Li (Propriety)
  • Hsiao/Xiao (Filial piety)
  • Yi (Righteousness)
  • Cheng-ming (Right use of words)
• Confucian Scriptures

  • Wu Ching (Shu Ching, I Ching, Shi Ching, Li-Chi, Ch'un Ch'iu)
  • Si Shu (Lun-Yu or Analects, Ta Hsueh, Chung Yung, Meng Tze)
• Siddhartha Gautama


  Founder of Buddhism, born into a wealthy family, prophecies stated he would become a spiritual leader if he left home, at age 29 he snuck out and realized the world outside was the opposite of what he was used to at home, decided his mission would be to find inner peace and freedom from the suffering in the world
• Order of people Siddhartha Gautama saw


  • Old Man
  • Sick Man
  • Dead Man
  • Holy Man
• Meng Txu


  One of Confucius's great students and followers who traveled from state to state conversing with the government rulers
• Siddhartha Gautama


  Founder of Buddhism
• Siddhartha Gautama


  • Born into a wealthy family
  • Prophecies stated that if he stayed home, he would become a king, if he left home he would become a spiritual leader
  • His family chose to keep him sheltered at home, not allowing him to leave the place
  • Lived in luxury and safety in the walls of the place
  • At age 29, he snuck out and realized the world outside was the opposite of what he was used to at home
  • Decided his mission in life would be to find inner peace and freedom from the suffering in the world
• Siddhartha Gautama's path to enlightenment

  1. Fasting

  2. Debating others

  3. Wandering through forests

  4. Meditation for 49 days under a tree
• Bodhi Tree


  The tree where Siddhartha Gautama attained enlightenment
• Forms of Tripitaka teaching


  • Pali (Chinese Version)
  • Sanskrit (Tibetan Version)
• 3 parts of Tripitaka


  • Sutras - a collection of sermons and fables
  • Vinaya - a collection of monastic laws
  • Abhidhamma - a collection of moral and metaphysical treatises
• The Four Noble Truths


  • The truth of suffering (Dukkha)
  • The truth about the cause of suffering (Samudaya/Tanha)
  • The truth of the end of suffering (Nirodha)
  • The truth of the path that ends the suffering (Magga)
• Dukkha


  The truth of suffering - there is suffering in the world, to live is to suffer
• Samudaya/Tanha


  The truth about the cause of suffering - self-centered desire and attachments
• Nirodha


  The truth of the end of suffering - the solution is to eliminate desire and attachments
• Magga


  The truth of the path that ends the suffering - to reach nirvana (release from pain), one must follow the eightfold path
• The Noble Eightfold Path

  • Right Speech - Samma Vaca
  • Right Action - Samma Kammanta
  • Right Livelihood - Samma Ajiva
  • Right Effort - Samma Vayama
  • Right Mindfulness - Samma Sati
  • Right Concentration - Samma Samadhi
  • Right Understanding - Samma Ditthi
  • Right Thought - Samma Samkappa
• Right Speech


  Perfect speech or truthful, affectionate, helpful, and promotes concord, harmony, and unity
• Right Livelihood

  Avoid occupations/trades that cause suffering to oneself and others
• Right Mindfulness


  Awareness of the activities of the body, sensations/feelings, the activities of the mind, and ideas/thoughts/conceptions