MLSP

• Useful for routine screening test to detect obvious abnormalities 


  Random Specimen
• ___must accompany specimens delivered to the laboratory

  Requisition Slip
• Changes in an unpreserved urine increases:


  Odor

  Color

  pH

  Bacteria

  Nitrite
• Changes in an unpreserved urine decreases:


  Clarity

  Glucose

  Ketones

  Bilirubin

  Urobilinogen

  Cells and Casts

  Trichomonas
• Changes in unpreserved urine that cause multiplication

  Bacteria
• Loss of motility, death

  Trichomonas
• Glycolysis and bacterial use

  Glucose
• Oxidation to urobilin


  Urobilinogen
• Bacterial multiplication causeing breakdown of urea to ammonia


  Odor
• Oxidation or reduction of metabolites

  Color
• Disintegration in dilute alkaline urine


  Red and white blood cells and casts
• Multiplication of nitrate-redusing bacteria 


  Nitrite
• Bacterial growth and precipitation of amorphous material


  Clarity
• Volatilization and bacterial metabolism 


  Ketones
• Oxidation to urobilin


  Urobilinogen
• Exposure ro light / photo oxidation to biliverdin


  Bilirubin
• Breakdown of urea to ammonia by urease-producing bacteria/loss of

  pH
• Clean external genital area - First and last stream of urine voided: ___ - Specimen of choice for bacterial culture in routine

  circumstances

  - It provides a specimen that is less contaminated by epithelial

  cells and bacteria.

  Midstream Specimen
• Most commonly received specimen - Easiest to collect - Useful for routine screening test - Most commonly received specimen because of its ease of collection and convenience for patient


  Random Specimen
• Insertion of catheter directly into bladder via urethra - Most commonly requested test using this specimen is bacterial culture

  - Specimen is collected under sterile conditions by passing a

  hollow tube (catheter) through the urethra into the bladder.

  Catheterized Specimen
• is a concentrated specimen, assuring detection of chemicals and formed elements that may not be present in a dilute random specimen. - essential for preventing false-negative pregnancy tests and for evaluating orthostatic proteinuria

  First Morning Specimen
• May be collected at any time - useful for routine screening test to detect obvious abnormalities. - May show erroneous results due to dietary intake or physical activity

  Random Specimen
• Quantitative chemical test


  24 hour (or timed)
• •Bladder urine for bacterial culture

  •Cytology 


  Suprapubic Aspiration
• Three-glass collection 


  Prostatic infection
• Bacterial Culture 


  Catheterized
• •Routine screening

  •Bacterial culture

  midstream clean-catch
• Routine screening


  Random
• •routine screenibg

  •pregnancy tests

  •orthostatic protein

  first morning
• The yellow color of urine is caused by the presence of a pigment

  Urochrome
• a product of endogenous metabolism and under normal conditions the body produces it at a constant rate.


  urochrome
• refers to the transparency or turbidity of a urine specimen.

  clarity
• Nonpathologic causes of urine turbidity

  • Squamous Epithelial Cells

  •Mucus

  • Semen, Spermatozoa

  •Talcum powder

  • Vaginal creams
• determined by visually examining the mixed specimen while holding it in front of a light source against a printed material.

  clarity
• pathologic causes of urine turbidity

  •rbcs

  •wbcs

  •bacteria

  •yeast

  •lipids
• few particulates, print easily seen through urine

  hazy
• no visible particulates, transparent

  clear
• may precipitate or be clotted

  milky
• many paticulates, print blurred through urine

  cloudy
• print cannot be seen through urine


  turbid