Biology U1 AOS2

• What does the digestive system do?

  Responsible for breaking down food and absorption of ingested food material
• Two types of digestion?

  Chemical and Physical
• List some main organs in digestive system

  Salivary glands, osephagus, liver, stomach, gall bladder, small/large intestine, pancreas, rectum
• Purpose of excretory system

  To remove excess and unwanted substances from the body and maintain stable internal enviroment
• List main organs of excretory system

  Skin, Liver, Lungs, Bladder, and Urethra, Kidneys
• What does the endocrine system do?

  Allows cells to communicate with each other via signalling molecules
• What can signalling molecules instruct cells to do?

  To die, alter gene expressions, release other signalling molecules
• What are hormones?

  Type of signalling molecule released from endocrine glands that regulare growth/ activity of target cells
• What do hormones bind to?

  Specific receptors on target cells that match
• List some organs in the endocrine system

  Hypothalamus, pacnreas, adrenal glands, pineal gland, pituitary gland
• What does the hypothalamus do?

  Maintains body temp
• What does the pancreas do?

  Involved in functioning of digestive system and maintence of blood glucose levels by releasing insulin and glucagon
• What do adrenal glands do?

  Involved in body's stress response, metabolic regulation, immune system
• What do kidneys do?

  They reabsorb useful substances from blood and secrete unwanted substances, in nephrons
• What are in kidneys?

  Nephrons
• What does the nephron structure consist of?

  Bowman's capsule, Proximal convoluted tubule, Loop of Henle, Distal convoluted tubule