CONTEMPO

• Global City


  an urban center that enjoys significant competitive advantages and that serves as a hub within a globalized economic system.
• The first identified global cities were London, New York City and Tokyo
• Global city are seen as the building blocks of globalization
• Attributes of a Global City

  Rise and expansion of Transnational Corporation (TNCs) in global production
• Attributes of a Global City

  Decline of mass production and the rise of flexible production centered within urban areas
• GLOBAL MOBILITY

  Global Migration is the flow or movement of people from one place to

  another around the world. The main purpose of migration is to find work or employment.
• DEMOGRAPHY


  is the study of human populations-their size, composition, and distribution across space- and the process through which populations change.
• DEMOGRAPHY


  encompasses the study of the size, structure, and distribution of these populations, and spatial or temporal changes in them in response to birth, migration, aging, and death.
• DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION


  it pertains to the decline in fertility and mortality that started in Europe from the 18th to 19th century onwards.
• DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION


  is a singular historical period during which mortality and fertility rates decline from high to low levels in particular country or region.
• Four stages to the classical demographic transition model:

  Stage 1: Pre-transition

  Stage 2: Early transition

  Stage 3: Late transition

  Stage 4: Post-transition
• Stage 1: Pre-transition


  Characterized by high birth rates, and high fluctuating death rates
• Stage 2: Early transition


  The death rate begins to fall. As birth rates remain high, the population starts to grow rapidly.
• Stage 3: Late transition


  Birth rates start to decline. The rate of population growth decelerates
• Stage 4: Post-transition


  Low birth and low death rates. Population growth is negligible, or even enters a decline.
• Thomas Malthus refers to as equilibrium

  population grew slowly; age structures, birth rates and death rates changed only gradually.
• Positive Check


  Mortality response which means faster population growth may cause the rise of famines, wars, and diseases. (misery)
• Preventive check


  A response where faster population growth may result to marriage postponement which could lead to prostitution and contraception. (vices)
• FIRST DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION

  There are four major demographic transition; mortality decline -> reduced fertility -> decreasing population growth -> population aging
• SECOND DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION

  expects no such stability. It sees new development that brings sustained fertility, a multitude of living arrangements other than marriage, disconnection between marriage and procreation, and no stable population.
• MIGRATION


  Crossing the boundary of a political or administrative unit form a minimum period of time
• 2 Basic type of migration according to UNESCO

  (1) Internal Migration

  (2) International Migration
• Internal Migration refers to a movement of people within one country from one area to another.
• International migration, means crossing the boundary of one state to another
• TYPES OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION (Kriz)

  1. Permanent settlers
  2. Temporary
  3. Refugee
  4. Illegal migration
• Demography from Greek word "demos" means ordinary citizen, and "graphia" means study of
• In 1855, Achile Guillard defined demography as the natural and social history of human species or the mathematical knowledge of population
• Immigration 


  international movement of people into a destination country which they do not possesses citizenship in order to settle or reside there
• Emigration 


  is the act of leaving a resident country or place of residence with the intent to settle somewhere.
• Population


  The complete set of group of individuals with a common characteristics.
• Population Composition


  the description of the characteristics of a group of people in terms of factors such as their age, sex, marital status, education, occupation, and relationship to the head of household
• Population Density


   is a measurement of population per unit land area
• factors affecting population process

  birth rate, death rate, and migration
• Demographers


  A person studying demography that seeks to know the levels and trends in population size and component
• birth - increases

  migration - can be both positive and negative

  death - loses
• Mortality


  death rate or life expectancy that occurs within a population
• Morbidity


  the condition of suffering from a disease or medical condition.
• Fertility


  Number of live births women have or the ability to produce a healthy offspring in abundance
• Fecundity


  Capability of women to give birth physically
• Population size


  is the number of people in a certain location