Test and general knowledge

• Sulfuric acid


  H2SO4
• Lithium ion


  Li+
• Sodium ion


  Na⁺
• Potassium ion


  K⁺
• Hydrogen ion


  H⁺
• Ammonium ion


  NH₄⁺
• Silver ion


  Ag⁺
• Beryllium ion


  Be²⁺
• Magnesium ion


  Mg²⁺
• Calcium ion


  Ca²⁺
• Barium ion


  Ba²⁺
• Copper ion


  Cu²⁺
• Zinc ion


  Zn²⁺
• Iron(II) ion


  Fe²⁺
• Nickel ion


  Ni²⁺
• Lead ion


  Pb²⁺
• Aluminium ion


  Al³⁺
• Iron(III) ion


  Fe³⁺
• Fluoride ion


  F⁻
• Chloride ion

  Cl⁻
• Bromide ion


  Br⁻
• Iodide ion


  I⁻
• Nitrate (III) ion


  NO₂⁻
• Hydroxide ion


  OH⁻
• Hydrogen carbonate ion


  HCO₃⁻
• Oxide ion


  O²⁻
• Sulphide ion


  S²⁻
• Sulphate ion


  SO₄²⁻
• Carbonate ion


  CO₃²⁻
• Phosphate ion


  PO₄³⁻
• Nitrate (V) ion


  NO₃⁻
• Nitric Acid


  HNO₃
• How to convert from mol/dm3 to g/dm3?

  multiply by Mr
• How to convert from g/dm3 to mol/dm3?

  divide by Mr
• What are addition reactions?

  2 molecules react together to form a single product
• What functional groups take part in addition reactions?

  alkenes (electrophilic addition) and aldehydes and ketones (nucleophilic addition)
• What are elimination reactions?

  small molecule is removed from a larger one leaving an unsaturated molecule
• What functional groups take part in elimination reactions?

  alcohols and haloalkanes
• What is a condensation reaction?

  2 molecules react together to form a larger molecule and a small molecule is eliminated
• What functional groups take part in condensation reactions?

  carboxylic acids and alcohols

  acyl chlorides, alcohols and amines