GENBIO2 (FINALS)

• Classification

  it is a process or arranging organisms into groups using similar characteristics
• Taxonomy

  it is the science of describing, naming and classifying living and extinct organisms and viruses
• Taxonomy

  It derived from the Greek word “taxis” meaning arrangement or division and “nomos” means  method.
• What is the meaning of "taxis" in taxonomy?

  arrangement or division
• What is the meaning of "nomos" in taxonomy?

  method
• Aristotle

  • Greek philosopher
  • first father of taxonomy
  • “Father of Science”
  • he classified all the organisms he knew into two groups: plants (bloodless) and animals (with blood)
• Aristotle

  He is the father of science
• Aristotle

  First father of taxonomy
• Carolus Linnaeus


  swedish naturalist and considered as the “ Father of Modern Taxonomy”
• What are the two most important contributions of Carolus Linnaeus to taxonomy?

  • A hierarchical classification system
  • The system of binomial nomenclature
• Taxonomic Hierarchy

  • an ordered group of taxonomic rank used to classify organisms from general to specific.
• 1. DOMAIN

  • the highest and most general rank of organism
• Give the three in Domain

  • Archaea
  • Bacteria
  • Eukarya
• Archaea

  • Domain contains a single celled organism
  • They are extreme organisms that live under some of the most extreme environments.
• Bacteria

  • Single-celled microorganisms that are found in almost every habitat on Earth
• Eukarya

  • Domain includes eukaryotes or organisms that have membrane-bound nucleus.
• Give the six in KINGDOM

  • Archaebacteria (Ancient Bacteria)
  • Eubacteria (True Bacteria)
  • Protista
  • Fungi
  • Plantae
  • Animalia
• Archaebacteria (Ancient Bacteria)

  • Single-celled prokaryotes thought to be bacteria and they are under Archaea domain
• Eubacteria (True Bacteria)

  • True bacteria under bacteria domain
• Protista

  • Includes diverse groups of organisms, and some have a characteristic of animals (protozoa), others resemble of plants (algae) or fungi
• Fungi

  • Both unicellular (yeast and molds) and multicellular (mushrooms) organisms
• Plantae

  • Includes all plants important to life that provides oxygen, shelter, clothing and food.
• Animalia

  • Includes animals and they are eukaryotes that depend on plants and other organisms for nutrition.
• PHYLUM/DIVISION

  • It is more specific than kingdom
• Give the nine in Phylum/Division

  • Porifera
  • Cnidaria
  • Platyhelminthe
  • Nematoda
  • Annelida
  • Arthropoda
  • Mollusca
  • Echinodermata
  • Chordata
• Porifera

  • Commonly referred to as sponges
• Cnidaria

  • Includes soft-bodied stinging animals such as corals, sea anemones, and jellyfish
• Platyhelminthe

  • Also known as flatworms
• Nematoda

  • Also known as roundworms
• Annelida

  • Have bodies that are segmented, such as leeches and earthworms
• Arthropoda

  • They have jointed appendages and a chitinous exoskeleton
• Mollusca

  • Soft-bodied, non-segmented invertebrates with the body composed of three regions:head, foot, and visceral mass
• Echinodermata

  • They have a start-like appearance and are spherical or elongated
• Chordata

  • Includes all the vertebrates, animals with a backbone, and several invertebrates, organisms without a backbone
• CLASS

  • Is a taxonomic rank above the order and below the phylum
• ORDER

  • Comprised of families sharing a set of similar nature or character
• FAMILY

  • Is the collection of similar genera
• GENUS

  • Made up of group of similar species
• SPECIES

  • The lowest and most specific level of taxonomic hierarchy
• DON KING PHILIP CAME OVER FOR GOOD SOUP

  • DOMAIN, KINGDOM, PHYLUM, CLASS, ORDER, FAMILY, GENUS, SPECIES