4th Grading Music, Health, Pe

• Vocal music


  One of the best tools for expressing one's feelings
• Vocal music became more evident during the Romantic period
• Vocal music coincided with the Industrial Revolution in Western Europe that brought about the rise of socialism and capitalism
• Vocal music of the Romantic period


  • Basic quality is emotional subjectivity
  • Composers explore feelings of grandiosity, intimacy, unpredictability, sad, rapture and longing
• Melody


  • Long, lyrical melodies with irregular phrases
  • Extensive use of chromaticism
  • Vivid contrasts and has a variety of melodic ideas within one movement
• Rhythm


  • Frequent changes in both tempo and time signature
• Texture


  • Homophonic
• Timbre


  • Great variety of tone color
  • Woodwind and brass sections of the orchestra increased
  • Rich and colorful orchestration
• Romantic artists found inspiration in landscapes
• Romantic artists' subjects were traditional myths, legends and folklore usually dealing with the supernatural, grotesque, and less ordinary
• Opera became an important source of musical expressions
• Franz Peter Schubert


  • Austrian Composer
  • Died at age thirty-one
  • Was extremely prolific
  • Composed 600 secular vocal works, seven complete symphonies, sacred music, operas, incidental music and a large body of chamber and piano music
  • Ranked among the greatest composers of the early Romantic era and, as such, is one of the most frequently performed composers of the early nineteenth century
• Giuseppe Verdi


  • Composed La Traviata, Falstaff and Aida
  • Became known for his skill in creating melody and his profound use of theatrical effect
  • Completed 25 operas throughout his career
• Richard Wagner


  • German composer, theater director, polemicist, and conductor
  • Wrote both the libretto and the music for each of his stage works
  • Revolutionized opera through his concept of the Gesamtkunstwerk
  • Advocated a new form of opera which he called "music drama" where musical and dramatic elements were fused together
  • Used chromaticism and quickly shifting tonal centers
  • Used the elaborate use of leitmotifs—musical phrases associated with individual characters, places, ideas or plot Elements
• Georges Bizet


  • Became famous for his operas
  • His most famous opera is "Carmen"
  • When "Carmen" first opened in Paris, the reviews were terrible and the shows were criticized in horrible ways that resulted in poor audience attendance
• Romantic opera


  • Opera became increasingly popular during the Romantic period
  • It is a story (libretto) told by the composers through music while using the words of the librettist
  • The composer and librettist work closely together to tell the story
  • The book that the composer and librettist put together is called a score
  • The score has all the musical notes, words and ideas to help the performers tell the story
  • Often, there are operas with overtures, preludes, prologues, several acts, finales, and postludes
• Libretto


  • The texts of an opera
  • Librettist and the composer work closely together to tell the story
• Score


  • The book that the composer and librettist put together
  • The score has all the musical notes, words, and ideas to help the performers tell the story
• Recitative


  • Declamatory singing, used in the prose parts and dialogue of opera
  • Different roles in operas are created taking into account different types of voices
  • Each role requires a different type of singer, not only able to sing a given vocal range but also with certain voice characteristics, color, and power
• Aria


  • An air or solo singing part that the public will remember best when leaving the opera house
  • A beautiful aria can bring an audience to its feet and decide the fate of an entire opera
• Voice classification


  • Tenor (highest male voice)
  • Baritone (middle male voice, lies between Bass and Tenor voices)
  • Bass (lowest male voice)
  • Soprano (highest female voice)
  • Coloratura (highest soprano voice)
  • Lyric (bright and full sound)
  • Dramatic (darker full sound)
  • Mezzo Soprano (most common female voice; strong middle voice, tone is darker or deeper than the soprano)
  • Contralto (lowest female voice and most unique among female)
• Glissando


  Sliding quickly between 2 notes
• Rubato


  Slight speeding up or slowing down of the tempo of a piece at the discretion of the soloist
• Vibrato


  Rapidly repeated slight pitch variation during a sustained note, to give a richer & more varied sound
• Passaggio


  Parts of a singing voice where register transitions occur
• Tessitura


  The most comfortable singing range of a singer
• Intentional injuries result from a purposeful human action, directed at oneself because these injuries are intentional, by their very nature they are often preventable
• Stalking


  A pattern of behavior that makes you feel nervous, afraid, harassed, or in danger because some are repeatedly contacting, following, sending presents and talking to you even if you are not really comfortable with those
• Types of stalker


  • Psychotic stalker (may preexisting psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder)
  • Nonpsychotic stalker (can be influenced by various psychological factors such as hostility, obsession, anger dependency, denial and jealousy)
• Kidnapping


  • The unlawful holding and taking away of a person against his or her will by force
  • This may be done in exchange for a ransom or in connection with a conflict in child custody
• Types of kidnapping


  • Basic kidnapping
  • High net worth kidnapping
  • Tiger kidnapping
  • Express kidnapping
  • Virtual kidnapping
  • Bride kidnapping
• Extortion


  The illegal action of obtaining money, property, or anything of value by using threats of violence or public shaming
• Protection scheme


  A type of extortion where a business pays a group of individuals money to keep the business safe from harm
• Blackmail


  An intimidation tactic used to demand something valuable from a person in exchange for sensitive information
• Ransomware


  A type of crypto virological malware that permanently blocks access to the victim's personal data unless a ransom is paid
• Terrorism


  • The use of violence against civilians aiming to achieve political, economic, religious goals, or ideology by way of intimidation or coercion
  • It can target anyone because it completely disregards public safety
• Gang


  Usually made up of groups of male adolescents and youngsters who have grown up together from an impoverished neighborhood or community
• Fraternity


  An organization of people, at a college or university, united in a relationship with common interest, activity, and purpose
• Fraternity related violence


  • Paddling on a lap, knee, back of the thigh, or on the buttocks
  • Slapping of the face
  • Tedious cleaning of toilet bowl
  • Wearing of weird clothing or costumes
  • Eating of weird and unpalatable food mixed in an absurd container
• Domestic violence


  An act wherein a person in an intimate relationship or marriage tries to dominate and control the other person (spouse or partner) with physical, verbal, emotional, economic, and sexual abuse