alkaloid pt 2

• sn of tobacco plant

  Nicotania tabacum
• constituent of tobacco plant

  nicotine
• It is a colorless to pale yellow, hygroscopic,

  volatile liquid

  nicotine
• uses of Nicotiana tabacum

  • Ganglionic (nicotinic) cholinergic receptor agonist
  • Smoking deterrent
  • Available in transdermal systems and chewing gum base
• other name of areca

  Betel Nut and Areca Nut
• Sn of areca

  Areca catechu
• Constituents of areca

  
  

  ▪ Arecoline

  ▪ Arecaidine (aka N-methyl guvacine)

  ▪ Guvacine (aka Tetrahydronicotinic acid)

  ▪ Guvacoline ( aka Guvacine methyl ester)

  ▪ Tannin
• Uses of Areca catechu

  (Arecoline)- anthelminthic in veterinary practice; vermicide; taeniafuge; most abundant
• Effects of tannin in areca

  causes esophageal cancer
• What is the most abundant constituent in areca?

  arecoline
• Mixture of punsupari

  Areca + Lime + leaves of Piper betel + gambir
• What is the mixture that has a stimulant maticatory in india?

  punsupari
• Sn of lobelia

   Lobelia inflata
• Consituent of indian tobacco

  Lobeline or alpha lobeline
• Uses of lobelia

  Smoking deterrent
• Pyridine-piperidine plants

  • tobacco plant
  • areca
  • lobelia
• Tropane plants


  • Belladonna leaf
  • hyoscyamus
  • stramonium
  • mandragora
  • coca
• Sn of belladonna leaf

  Atropa belladonna
• constituents of belladonna


  Hyoscyamine and atropine
• Uses of belladonna


  ▪ Antimuscarinic and spasmolytic properties -

  adjunct in treatment of peptic ulcer; functional

  digestive disorder

  ▪ Anticholinergic property – controls excess motor

  activity of GIT and spasm of urinary tract
• Give the ff plant sources that contains mostly Hyoscyamine, Atropine, Scopolamine Aka Hyoscine


  • hyoscyamus
  • stramonium
  • mandragora
  • coca
• Sn of hyoscyamus

  Hyoscyamus niger
• Two sn of stramonium

  • Datura Stramonium
  • Datura metel
• Uses of stramonium

  Treatment of asthma
• Sn of mandragora

  Mandragora officinarum
• Uses of mandragora

  Folkloric uses - The root is hallucinogenic and narcotic. In

  sufficient quantities, it induces a state of unconsciousness and was used as an anaesthetic for surgery in ancient times
• Sn of coca

  Erythroxylum coca
• Uses of coca

  ▪ Psychomotor stimulant with a strong

  abuse potential

  ▪ Vasoconstrictor
• Scopolamine is present in?

  Hyoscyamus niger
• Uses of scopolamine


  ▪ Has depressant activity on CNS

  ▪ Treatment of motion sickness

  ▪ Employed for preanesthetic sedation and obstetric amnesia in conjunction with analgesics
• Uses of atropine

  ▪ Anticholinergic

  ▪ Antispasmodic

  ▪ Antisialagogue

  ▪ Mydriatic and cycloplegic antidote for cholinesterase inhibitors such as physostigmine and organophosphate insecticides
• Uses of hyoscamine

  ▪ Anticholinergic – aids in the control of gastric secretion, visceral spasm, hypermotility and associated abdominal cramps

  ▪ Used in parkinsonism
• Toxicity of Hyoscyamine sulfate

  extremely poisonous
• Toxicity Symptoms on the use of Atropine,

  Scopolamine and Belladonna Tincture

  1. Skin rash
  2. Skin flushing
  3. Mouth dryness
  4. Difficulty in urination
  5. Eye pain
  6. Blurred vision
  7. Light sensitivity
• Plant sources in quinoline

  • Cuprea bark
  • Cinchona bark
• Sn of cuprea bark

  R. pedunculat and Remijia purdieana
• Constituent and uses of cuprea bark

  ▪ 2-6% alkaloids of which 1/3 may be quinine

  ▪ Commercial source of quinidine
• Sn of cinchona bark

  ▪ Cinchona succirubra aka Red Cinchona

  ▪ Cinchona calisaya aka Yellow Cinchona
• Constituents and uses of cinchona bark

  ▪ Quinidine – antiarrhythmic

  ▪ Quinine – antimalarial; in the US, it was used in the

  preparation of tonic water

  ▪ Cinchonine

  ▪ Cinchonidine

  ▪ Cinchotannic acid
• Overdose effects of cinchona bark

  ▪ Loss of hearing

  ▪ Impaired sight

  ▪ Ringing of the ear (symptom of toxicity)

  ▪ Cinchonism