Cell structure

• Cell membrane


  • Controls which substances can pass in and out of the cell
• Nucleus


  • Contains genetic material / DNA
• Cytoplasm


  • Where chemical reactions take place
• Mitochondria


  • Provide cells with the energy they need to function
• Ribosomes


  • Site of protein synthesis
• Plant cell


  Rigid cell wall (cellulose), permanent vacuole, chloroplasts
• Rigid cell wall (cellulose)


  • Support and structure
• Permanent vacuole


  • Contains cell sap (mixture of sugars, salts, water)
• Chloroplasts


  • Photosynthesis
• Prokaryotic cell


  Unicellular, bacterial cells
• Plasmids


  • Extra genes (antibiotic resistance)
• The nucleus is the control center of the cell, containing genetic material (DNA) that determines the characteristics of an organism.
• The cytoplasm is the gel-like substance inside the cell membrane where most chemical reactions occur.
• Mitochondria are responsible for producing energy through cellular respiration.
• Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) - involved in lipid metabolism
• Rough endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein synthesis and transport within cells.
• Rough endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein synthesis and transport within the cell.
• Golgi apparatus - modifies proteins
• Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes used by cells to break down waste materials