Human Geography Paper 2

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Cards (43)

What is a mega city ? 
A city with a population of over 10 million people
What were the 2 first global mega cities ?
Tokyo and New York
By 2025 which cities will be the top 5 mega cities in the world? 
Tokyo
Mumbai
Delhi
Sao Paulo and Dhaka
What is natural increase ?
When there are more births than deaths
Why do LICs and NEEs generally grow more rapidly by natural increase than HICs ? 
Due to civil war and they dont have a good quality of life
Rural to Urban migration 
Migrating from the country side to towns and cities
Social Push Factors ( why people want to leave a place) 
Lack of education
Famine
Few doctors and hospitals
Social Pull Factors  
Better health and living standards
More luxury
More employment
Economic Push Factors  
Farming is hard and poorly paid
Economic Pull Factors  
More well paid jobs
Environmental Push Factors  
Drought
Climate hazards
Poor roads
Favela Facts  
Favela's are fueled by migration
25% of Rio's population live in favelas
Drug gangs have a massive influence on favelas
Brazil police have 1 death per 23 arrests
Where is Rio de Janeiro located? 
In south america in Brazil. It's on the coast of the atlantic ocean , on the tropic of capricorn . It is south-east of Brazil
Economic Challenges in Brazil
Employment
15 million out of 212 million people are looking for work in Brazil
The unemployment rate in favelas is 20%
Much are poorly paid ( £60 a month)
3.5 million workers have no contract or insurance
How is Rio nationally important? 
Home to Brazil's main services of banking and finance
Cultural capital of Brazil, over 50 museums and has the famous Rio carnival
How is Rio internationally important?
Hosted the 2014 world cup
Popular with tourists visiting attractions
Has 5 ports and 3 airports
How and Why has Rio grown? 
Has one of the 7 wonders of the world which attracts tourists
Has major ports to export coffee,sugar and iron
It has became a global city because of its importance in the economy
Opportunities in Rio's industry 
Rio is a major trading port
Favelas create their own economies
Headquarters of major industries are located in Rio
Opportunities in tourism for Rio  
Football is the most major sport in brazil
In 2023 , the carnival produced an economic impact of £711 million
Rio is one of the most visited cities in the south hemisphere
Favela Bairo Project
What facilities are provided to the community ?
Access to water supply and drainage system for improved sanitation
Building of new health, leisure and education facilities
Favela Bairo Project
How does the cable car benefit the residents ?
It allows favela residents to get from one end to another in 16 minutes instead of a 2 hour walk across the favela
Favela Bairo Project
How have the Pacifying Police Unit helped the community?
They go into favelas and drive out the criminal gangs
Favela Bairo Project
State 3 problems it has faced
Doesnt cover every favela
Residents lack resources and skills to make repairs
Infastructure is not being maintained
Favela Bairo Project
What is the service and site scheme ?
Local authority provides land and services for residents to build homes
Rural 
Characteristics of the countryside
Urban 
Relating to a town or city
Sparsely Populated  
A small number of people; population widely spread over an area
Densely Populated  
A crowded place; a high proportion of people for a space
Population Density  
A measurement of population per unit area or unit volume
Population
The number of inhabitants in a particular place
Population Distribution
The pattern of where people live
Where is Bristol located?
South-west of England
Bristol's importance to the UK ( education)
Bristol university is a member of the Russell group and represents 24 leading UK universities
Bristol's importance to the UK ( tourism)
It is a popular tourist destination
Has attractions e.g : clifton bridge and bristol zoo
Tourism economy is worth more than £1.3 billion and supports more than 27,000 jobs
Bristol's importance to the UK ( industry) 
GDP is 9.349 billion, £23,962 per head which is 40% above the national average
Bristols international importance in education
1/6 of students are from overseas
Can transfer credit earned towards their degree in their own country
Bristol's international importance in tourism
Bristol airport links the city to major european centres and the USA
526,000 visitors from overseas , the 8th most visited city by international visitors in the UK
Bristol's international importance in industry  
Gkobal industries such as financial and business services , defence aerospace
Positive impacts that migrants have on Bristol
Hard-working and motivated workforces
Adds to local and national economy
St Paul's carnival attracts around 40,000 people every year
Is a multi cultural city and has led to the enrichment of Bristol's cultural life
Young migrants balance out the ageing population
Negative impacts of migrants in Bristol 
Need to provide education for the migrants who dont speak english
Pressuring on employment. Bristol's unemployment rate is higher than the UK average
Increased air pollution from growing number of cars