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EDUQUAS Psychology
Biological Approach
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Ethics of Neuroscience
EDUQUAS Psychology > Biological Approach
30 cards
Cards (84)
What are the three assumptions
Evolutionary
Influences
Localisation
of
brain
function
Neurotransmitters
What is altruism
Parents
risking
their lives to
save
their
offspring
What is evolution
Explains how the human
mind
and
behaviour
have changed over
millions
of years
Who explained natural selection
Darwin
What is
natural
selection
Genetically
determined behaviour that
enhances
individuals chance of
survival
What are humans adapted to
The
demands
of our
individual environment
what is environment of evolutionary adaptiveness
The conditions present in the
environment
when a species
adaptions
were
naturally
selected
What are the four lobes
Occipital
lobes
Parietal
lobes
Frontal
lobes
Temporal
lobes
Evolutionary influences human example
Fears
and
phobias
e.g.
Snakes
venomous
snakes
significant
threat
to
ancestors
what are localisation of brain function
Certain
areas
of the
brain
are
responsible
for different
functions
Parietal lobes
Temperature
Pain
Touch
Occipital lobes
Visual
processing
Frontal lobes
Thinking
Creativity
Personality
Temporal lobes
Auditory
Memory
Localisation of brain function - human example
Occipital
lobe - responsible for
receiving
and
processing
visual
stimuli
What are neurotransmitters
Chemical
messengers
Explain neurotransmitters
One neuron
communicates
with another
neuron
at a
synapse
where the message is
relayed
by
chemical
messengers
Where are neurotransmitters released from
The
presynaptic
vesicles
What are neurons
Electrically
excitable
cells that form the
basis
of the
nervous
system
Neurotransmitters - human example
Dopamine
-
motivation,
reward
and
pleasure
Release of dopamine in response to
rewarding
situation
Benzodiazepines
Enhance activity of
GABA
(natural form of
anxiety
relief)
Slow
down
activity at
central
nervous
system
Beta-Blockers
Reduce
activity
of
adrenaline
and
noradrenaline
(part of response to
stress
)
Example of beta- blockers
Propranolol
-
situational
anxiety
range from
10mg
to
80mg
Antidepressants
Reduce rate of
reabsorption
or block the
enzyme
that
breaks
down
the
neurotransmitters
Increase amount of
neurotransmitter
available to
excite
neighbouring
cells
What is depression due to
Insufficient
amounts of
neurotransmitters
such as
serotonin
being produced in the
nerve
endings
Example of antidepressant
SSRI
most common
e.g.
Prozac
20mg
per day
60mg
maximum
Conventional antipsychotics
Stronger
Combat
Positive
symptoms
Block action of
dopamine
in brain by
binding
to
dopamine
receptors
Atypical
antipsychotics
Weaker
bond
Temporarily occupying
dopamine
receptors
and then
rapidly
dissociating
to allow
normal
dopamine
transmission
thornely et al (evaluate drug therapy)
Chlorpromazine associated with better functioning than a
placebo
positive
effect on
schizophrenic
patients
NICE - drug therapy
Approve
cost
effective
available through
NHS
accessible
for more people
antipsychotics
control
hallucination
and
delusions
Side effects of SSRI
Nausea
Headache
Insomnia
Side effects of tricylic antidepressants
Hallucinations
Irregular
heartbeat
Issue of side effects
Discourage
patients
Decrease
quality
of
life
Compare with psychodrama
Drug
therapy -
immediate
effects,
cheap
Psychodrama
- time
consuming
- cannot be used in
emergency
How many participants were in Raine’s study
41
participants
What was the mean age of participants in Raine’s study
34.3
What were the disorders of the participants
Schizophrenia
-
6
History of
head
injury
or
organic
brain
damage
-
23
History of
psychoactive
drug abuse -
3
Affective
disorder -
2
Epilepsy
-
2
History of
hyperactivity
and
learning
disability
-
3
Personality
disorder -
2
What was the control group
Matching each
murderer
with individual of same
sex
and
age
What was step 1
Participants given chance to
practice
continuous performance task
(CPT) before receiving
FDG
injection
What
was step 2
30
seconds
before FDG injection, participants started
CPT
task
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