Biological Molecules

• Condensation reaction


  Joining two molecules together with the removal of water.
• Hydrogen bond


  A slightly negatively charged atom weakly bonded to a slightly positively charged hydrogen atom.
• Hydrolysis reaction


  Molecule is split into two smaller molecules with the addition of water.
• Monomer


  Molecule that can bind to many other identical molecules to form a polymer.
• Polymer


  Molecule made from many smaller molecules called monomers.
• Macromolecules


  Very large molecules
• Catabolic reaction 


  Breaking down larger molecules into smaller ones.
• Anabolic reaction


  Joining smaller molecules into larger ones
• Anion 


  Negatively charged ion
• Cation


  Positively charged ion
• Covalent bonds 


  The sharing of electrons between a pair of atoms
• Ionic bonds


  Bonding two oppositely charged atoms
• Cohesion 


  Hydrogen bonding in water pull multiple water molecules together.
• Surface tension 


  Water molecules at the surface are hydrogen bonded to the molecules beneath them, and so are more attracted to the molecules beneath than to air molecules above. This gives the surface of the water the ability to resist force applied to it.
• Specific heat capacity


  The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1 degree celsius.
• Latent heat capacity 


  Temperature required for a substance to change state. Eg. liquid into vapour.