UCSP 4th Qtr

Cards (54)

  • Culture shock
    • The unfamiliarity of a certain aspect of culture
    • It is normal to experience this
  • 4 stages of understanding culture

    • Cultural knowledge
    • Cultural awareness
    • Cultural sensitivity
    • Cultural competence
  • Cultural knowledge
    Having the knowledge of history and characteristics of a certain society or culture
  • Cultural awareness
    Having an understanding of and openness towards a different culture
  • Cultural sensitivity
    Knowing the differences and similarities between cultures without assigning a certain value or amount to the difference
  • Cultural competence
    The acceptance and promotion of cultural diversity in a society or organization
  • Xenophobia
    The dislike and prejudice of other people based on culture, which can lead to tensions and conflicts
  • Cultural relativism
    The idea that other cultures must be understood based on their peoples' own experiences and standards
  • Absolute cultural relativism
    The nonquestioning of cultural aspects by outsiders
  • Critical cultural relativism
    Examines certain aspects of culture, especially if it violates certain human rights
  • Ethnocentrism
    • The understanding of other cultures based on the viewer's standards or cultural preferences
    • Came from the word ethnos meaning "nation" and kentron meaning "center"
    • Ethnocentric people usually view their culture as superior above others
    • The notion of what is right or wrong is seen through one's social context
  • Xenocentrism
    The notion that other cultures are superior to one's own
  • Cultural imperialism
    • The imposition of a dominant culture onto another due to political, economic, and social factors
    • An intertwined process of cultural domination and cultural expansion of a dominant country against another
  • Cultural hegemony
    • The domination of one cultural group over a diverse cultural society
    • Can happen in a local level or in a trans-local level
  • Globalization
    • The growing interdependence of the world's culture, ideologies, economies, and politics
    • It is multidimensional
    • Affects people's lives as they experience culture beyond their borders
  • Cultural diffusion
    The spread of some cultural items from one place to another
  • Cultural lag
    The situation when the nonmaterial culture is still struggling to adapt to new material conditions
  • Types of cultural heritage
    • Tangible heritage
    • Movable heritage
    • Immovable heritage
    • Intangible heritage
  • Tangible heritage
    Refers to artifacts left by previous generations that reflect the continued culture of a society
  • Movable heritage
    Any artistic creation, clothing, jewelries and other small movable artifacts
  • Immovable heritage
    Includes built heritage, which are very large and impossible to move
  • Intangible heritage
    • Forms of literature, oral tradition, performing arts, traditional craftsmanship and folklore that is considered the wealth of the culture
    • They are handed down from generation to generation
  • Sociobiological evolution
    • Sociobiology aims to examine and explain social behavior in terms of evolution
    • It is both part of sociology and biology, drawing from other fields such as anthropology, psychology, archaeology, and zoology
    • The field of study tries to trace how human culture and society are linked to human biological makeup
  • Thinking capacity
    • It stems from the development of the brain, which controls and coordinates all other bodily functions
    • Allows people to think and feel, to have memories and an identity
    • Facilitates the different senses
  • Cerebrum
    • The largest part of the brain
    • Also called the frontal lobe
    • Responsible for movement, body temperature, touch, vision, hearing, and skills such as judgment, reasoning, problem solving, emotions, and learning
  • Brainstem
    • The middle part of the brain
    • Responsible for communicating with other parts of the body
    • Controls vital functions such as breathing, consciousness, heart functions, and sensory relays
  • Cerebellum
    • The back part of the brain
    • Contains more nerve cells than the other parts
    • Controls the functions of fine motor movements
  • Speaking capacity
    • The ability to verbalize thoughts, ideas, and views
    • Made possible by the vocal tract
    • Enables humans to speak out what the brain thinks about
  • Gripping capacity
    • First developed 500,000 years ago
    • It is vital for the ability to perform certain tasks that require forceful precision grips
  • Precision grip
    Allowed human ancestors to pick up things and create various types of tools necessary for survival such as axes and spears
  • Power grip
    Used for forceful gripping as in throwing or holding a club
  • Bipedalism
    • The capability to use two feet only to stand and walk
    • The evolutionary change to the human pelvis and the femur, knees, and feet gave people this unique capacity to stand or walk on two feet
    • Not exclusive to humans
  • Sociocultural evolution
    • The idea that human culture has changed over time, as more people developed various capacities and capabilities to enhance their survival
    • The earliest human development can be traced back in the Stone Age
  • Periods of the Stone Age
    • Paleolithic period
    • Mesolithic period
    • Neolithic period
  • Paleolithic period
    • Came from the word paleo which means "old" and lithic which means "stone"
    • Literally means old stone age
    • This period is known for simple stone and bone tools used by human ancestors for various purposes
  • Stone tool industries of the Paleolithic period
    • Oldowan industry
    • Acheulean industry
    • Mousterian industry
    • Aurignacian industry
  • Oldowan industry
    • The oldest known stone tool industry which started around 2.6 million years ago
    • Used by the Homo habilis
    • Tools were made up of hard water-worn volcanic rocks
  • Acheulean industry
    • Used by the Homo erectus
    • Made out of stones, bones, antlers, and woods
  • Mousterian industry
    • Used by the Homo neanderthalensis
    • Developed at around 300,000 - 30,000 years ago
    • Tools were more symmetrical, and sharper
  • Aurignacian industry
    • Developed at around 43,00 - 26,00 years ago
    • Had the same characteristics as the tools of Mousterian Industry but with greater standardization