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UCSP 4th Qtr
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Cards (54)
Culture
shock
The unfamiliarity of a certain aspect of culture
It is normal to experience this
4
stages of understanding culture
Cultural knowledge
Cultural awareness
Cultural sensitivity
Cultural competence
Cultural
knowledge
Having the knowledge of history and characteristics of a certain society or culture
Cultural awareness
Having an understanding of and openness towards a different culture
Cultural sensitivity
Knowing the differences and similarities between cultures without assigning a certain value or amount to the difference
Cultural
competence
The acceptance and promotion of cultural diversity in a society or organization
Xenophobia
The dislike and prejudice of other people based on culture, which can lead to tensions and conflicts
Cultural relativism
The idea that other cultures must be understood based on their peoples' own experiences and standards
Absolute
cultural
relativism
The nonquestioning of cultural aspects by outsiders
Critical
cultural
relativism
Examines certain aspects of culture, especially if it violates certain human rights
Ethnocentrism
The understanding of other cultures based on the viewer's standards or cultural preferences
Came from the word ethnos meaning "nation" and kentron meaning "center"
Ethnocentric people usually view their culture as superior above others
The notion of what is right or wrong is seen through one's social context
Xenocentrism
The notion that other cultures are superior to one's own
Cultural imperialism
The imposition of a dominant culture onto another due to political, economic, and social factors
An intertwined process of cultural domination and cultural expansion of a dominant country against another
Cultural
hegemony
The domination of one cultural group over a diverse cultural society
Can happen in a local level or in a trans-local level
Globalization
The growing interdependence of the world's culture, ideologies, economies, and politics
It is multidimensional
Affects people's lives as they experience culture beyond their borders
Cultural diffusion
The spread of some cultural items from one place to another
Cultural
lag
The situation when the nonmaterial culture is still struggling to adapt to new material conditions
Types of cultural heritage
Tangible heritage
Movable heritage
Immovable heritage
Intangible heritage
Tangible
heritage
Refers to artifacts left by previous generations that reflect the continued culture of a society
Movable
heritage
Any artistic creation, clothing, jewelries and other small movable artifacts
Immovable
heritage
Includes built heritage, which are very large and impossible to move
Intangible
heritage
Forms of literature, oral tradition, performing arts, traditional craftsmanship and folklore that is considered the wealth of the culture
They are handed down from generation to generation
Sociobiological
evolution
Sociobiology aims to examine and explain social behavior in terms of evolution
It is both part of sociology and biology, drawing from other fields such as anthropology, psychology, archaeology, and zoology
The field of study tries to trace how human culture and society are linked to human biological makeup
Thinking
capacity
It stems from the development of the brain, which controls and coordinates all other bodily functions
Allows people to think and feel, to have memories and an identity
Facilitates the different senses
Cerebrum
The largest part of the brain
Also called the frontal lobe
Responsible for movement, body temperature, touch, vision, hearing, and skills such as judgment, reasoning, problem solving, emotions, and learning
Brainstem
The middle part of the brain
Responsible for communicating with other parts of the body
Controls vital functions such as breathing, consciousness, heart functions, and sensory relays
Cerebellum
The back part of the brain
Contains more nerve cells than the other parts
Controls the functions of fine motor movements
Speaking
capacity
The ability to verbalize thoughts, ideas, and views
Made possible by the vocal tract
Enables humans to speak out what the brain thinks about
Gripping
capacity
First developed
500
,
000
years ago
It is vital for the ability to perform certain tasks that require forceful precision grips
Precision
grip
Allowed human ancestors to pick up things and create various types of tools necessary for survival such as axes and spears
Power grip
Used for forceful gripping as in throwing or holding a club
Bipedalism
The capability to use two feet only to stand and walk
The evolutionary change to the human pelvis and the femur, knees, and feet gave people this unique capacity to stand or walk on two feet
Not exclusive to humans
Sociocultural
evolution
The idea that human culture has changed over time, as more people developed various capacities and capabilities to enhance their survival
The earliest human development can be traced back in the Stone Age
Periods of the Stone Age
Paleolithic period
Mesolithic period
Neolithic period
Paleolithic
period
Came from the word paleo which means "
old
" and lithic which means "
stone
"
Literally means old stone age
This period is known for simple stone and bone tools used by human ancestors for various purposes
Stone tool industries of the Paleolithic period
Oldowan industry
Acheulean industry
Mousterian industry
Aurignacian industry
Oldowan
industry
The oldest known stone tool industry which started around
2.6
million
years
ago
Used by the Homo habilis
Tools were made up of hard water-worn volcanic rocks
Acheulean
industry
Used by the Homo erectus
Made out of stones, bones, antlers, and woods
Mousterian
industry
Used by the Homo neanderthalensis
Developed at around
300
,
000
-
30
,
000
years
ago
Tools were more symmetrical, and sharper
Aurignacian
industry
Developed at around
43,00
-
26,00
years
ago
Had the same characteristics as the tools of Mousterian Industry but with greater standardization
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