1973 constitutional authoritarianism

• Constitution


  A set of fundamental rules that determine how a country or state is run
• Almost all constitutions are "codified", which simply means they are written down clearly in a specific document called "the constitution"
• Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos was elected as the 10th president of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986


  December 30, 1965
• Marcos won the re-election against liberal party's Segio Osmeña Jr.

  1969
• Philippine congress passed a resolution calling for a constitutional convention to change the 1935 constitution


  1967
• Election day of the 320 delegates were held to the constitutional convention


  November 10, 1970
• The convention was formally began, delegates were elected to a constitutional convention and former President Carlos P. Garcia elected as a convention president


  June 1, 1971
• The Plaza Miranda bombing, the Liberal Party's campaign rally was held to proclaim the candidacies of eight senatorial bids as well as the candidate for the mayoralty race in Manila. As a crowd of about 4,000 gathered to hear speeches, two grenades were reportedly tossed on stage.it caused nine deaths and injured 95 others, including many prominent Liberal Party politicians

  August 21, 1971
• Marcos signed Proclamation No. 1081 , placing the Philippines under Martial Law


  September 21, 1972
• According to Marcos before his second term end, he declared Martial Law (1972) because of the growing communist
• But according to many critique and the victims of martial law he did this to influence the on-going Constitutional Convention and when the Constitutional Convention ends, they wrote a constitution in line with what Marcos wants and this is the 1973 Constitution
• 1973 Constitution


  • Parliamentary Government with a Prime Minister and a President
  • Legislative power was vested in a Unicameral National Assembly elected by the people
  • Legalize all decrees, proclamation and order of the President
• Amendments to the 1973 Constitution: National Assembly was replaced by the Interim Batasang Pambansa, The incumbent President shall continue to exercise legislative powers until martial law shall have been lifted

  1976
• Assassination of Ninoy Aquino
• The Agrava Board was formed, with Corazon J. Agrava as chairwoman, Luciano E. Salazar as lawyer, Dante G. Santos as businessman, Ernesto F. Herrera as labor leader, and Amado C. Dizon as educator
• Batasang Pambansa passed a law setting the date of the election on FEBRUARY 07, 1986


  December 3, 1985
• Marcos declared February 6 and 7 a special non-working public holidays to give all the registered voters fullest opportunity to exercise their right of suffrage


  February 04, 1986
• In 1986, Marcos defrauded the electorate in a presidential election, declaring himself the victor over Corazon Aquino, the wife of a assassinated rival. Aquino also declared herself the rightful winner, and the public rallied behind her. Deserted by his former supporters, Marcos and his wife, Imelda including Bongbong, fled to Hawaii in exile, where they faced investigation on embezzlement charges
• Corazon Aquino


  A Filipino politician who served as the eleventh president of the Philippines from 1986 to 1992. She was the most prominent figure of the 1986 People Power Revolution, which ended the two-decade rule of President Ferdinand Marcos and led to the establishment of the current democratic Fifth Philippine Republic