agrarian reforms

• Agrarian reform


  Rectification of the whole system of agriculture, concerned with the relation between production and distribution of land among farmers
• Ferdinand Marcos declared Martial Law on September 21, 1972, enabling him to wipe out the landlord-dominated Congress
• Through his "technocrats", Marcos was able to expand executive power to start a "fundamental restructuring" of government
• Presidential Decree No. 27


  The core of agrarian reform during the Marcos regime, signed on October 21, 1972
• Presidential Decree No. 27


  1. Decreeing the emancipation of tenants from the bondage of the soil

  2. Transferring ownership of the land they till to the tenants

  3. Providing the instruments and mechanism
• Key provisions of Presidential Decree No. 27


  • Applies to all tenant farmers of private agricultural lands primarily devoted to rice and corn under a system of sharecrop or lease-tenancy
  • Tenant farmer deemed owner of a family-size farm of 5 hectares if not irrigated, 3 hectares if irrigated
  • Landowner may retain an area of not more than 7 hectares if cultivating or will cultivate it
  • Land value equivalent to 2.5 times the average harvest of 3 normal crop years preceding the decree
  • Total land cost, including 6% interest, to be paid by tenant in 15 equal annual amortizations
  • Defaulting amortizations to be paid by farmer's cooperative with right of recourse against tenant
  • Government to guarantee amortizations with shares of stock in government corporations
  • No land title issued unless tenant is full-pledge member of recognized farmer's cooperative
  • Land title not transferable except by hereditary succession or to government
  • Department of Agrarian Reform empowered to promulgate implementation rules and regulations
• Lands occupied by tenants of more than 7 hectares on rice and corn land commenced, and through legal compulsion and improved delivery support services to small farmers, agrarian reform seemed to be finally achievable
• Under the rice self-sufficiency program Masagana '99, farmers were able to borrow from banks and purchase 3-hectare plots of land and agricultural inputs
• Ferdinand Marcos Sr.


  President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986
• Ferdinand Marcos Sr. was born on September 11, 1917 in Sarrat, Philippines and died on September 28, 1989 in Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.
• Ferdinand Marcos Sr.'s spouse was Imelda Marcos, and their offspring were Imee Marcos, Ferdinand Marcos Jr., Aimee Marcos, and Irene Marcos