4th Exam

• Basic macro skills

  • Speaking
  • Listening
  • Writing
  • Reading
  • Viewing
• Research - Collecting details information, a process to increase our knowledge towards the issue, analyzing and interpretation in systematic way, and establish facts and new conclusions
• 3 Major steps in research

  Pose - Question (Construct a question)

  Collect Data - to answer the question

  Present - an answer to the question
• Logical sequence of research

  1. Identifying a topic

  2. Formulating questions and hypothesis (Intellectual guess)

  3. Locating and gathering sources/referencess

  4. Data gathering

  5. Data analysis and interpretation

  6. Presentation of results
• What does SMART mean?

  S - specific

  M - measurable

  A - attainable

  R - result - focused

  T - timely
• Referencing -Applying of sources
• Bibliographies - this is where the citations is, in last page of the book.
• APA references - provided detailed of the references
• 2 ways to create APA references

  1. Manually - traditional way
  2. APA generator - modern way
• 4 components of an APA reference

  • Author - responsible for creating the work
  • Date - when the work was published
  • Title - what is t he work called
  • Source - where can the work be retrieved
• What to remember when making the reference list page?

  1. The name of the author must be in a alphabetical arrangement
  2. Set the format in double space
  3. Indent the first line
• In the APA 7th Edition - We use reference page to site our research more credible and not plagirized and to give credits to the original author.
• Parenthetical In-Text Citation

  • The required components must be inside of the parenthesis.
  • Concisely identifies the source of ideas or information.
• Information required in an In-Text Citation:

  • Author’s last name
  • Year of publication
  • Page number
• Parenthetical in-text citation:

  Quotation: (Author’s last name, year of publication, and page numbers)

  Paraphrase: end part of the author’s statement (Author’s last name, and year publication)

  Narrative: first part of the author's statement "Author's last name (year of publication)"
• If you have two authors?

  Quotation: Use ampersand (&) if direct quoted

  Paraphrase: Use ampersand (&) but with no page number

  Narrative: There must be an application the word “and” to connect two authors
• If there's more authors?

  • Use "et al" which means "and others"
• What if the author is unknown?

  • Use the shortest title of the unknown reference
• 4 techniques in paraphrasing

  • Start at a different point
  • Use synonyms
  • Change the structure or sentence
  • Break the information
• Paraphrase - a rewording of something written or spoken by someone else.
• 5 Steps in pharaprasing

  1. Read the text several times (can understand the passage well)
  2. Note down the key points (write significant points)
  3. Write your own version (use the techniques)
  4. Compare the text (make sure the original text wouldn't change)
  5. Don't forget to use the source (not affect the original meaning of the text, it must retain)
• When to pharaprase?

  • When the wordings are difficult to understand
  • When you want to achieve a much better flow

  When to quote?

  • When the quote quote is well-known
  • When the original wording is strong and engaging
  • Can quote when the original is a definition