chapter 1 ittp

• Psychology


  The word derives from the Greek word psyche, or soul "breath, spirit, soul" and logia, "study of" or "research". In the late 15th century or early 16th century Psychologia in Latin was first used by the Croatian humanist and Latinist Marko Marulic in his book, “Psichiologia de ratione animae humanae”. Meanwhile in 1694 in The Physical Dictionary which refers to "Anatomy, which treats the Body and Psychology, which treats of the Soul” was the earliest known reference to the word psychology in English by Steven Blankaart.
• psyche


  soul, breath, spirit
• logia


  study or research
• Psychologia first used in Latin by Marko Marulić


  Late 15th or early 16th century
• William James

  In the year 1890, he defined psychology as "the science of mental life, both of its phenomena and their conditions". Though, thiswas doubted, surprisingly by radical behaviorists like JB Watson, in his 1913 statement, he described the discipline of psychology as the gaining data of information valuable to the control of behavior. And since William James defined it, the meaning strongly brings techniques of scientific experimentation.
• Schools of Psychology

  • Functionalism
  • Structuralism
  • Gestalt
• Functionalism centers on the utility of consciousness by John Dewey
• Structuralism by Wilhelm Wundt focuses on the structure of conscious process
• Gestalt by Max Wertheimer emphasizes the whole and not the parts
• Theoretical Approaches to Psychology

  Phenomenological

  Biological

  Behavioral

  Psychoanalytic

  Cognitive
• Distinguishing characteristics of science

  • Science is based on facts
  • Science uses the method of analysis
  • Science employs hypotheses
  • Science is characterized by freedom from emotional bias
  • Science utilizes accurate measurement
  • Science makes use of quantitative methods
• Branches and Related Fields of Psychology

  • Theoretical psychologies
  • Clinical psychology
  • Therapy and Counseling psychology
  • Educational psychology
  • Psychology and Law or Legal psychology
  • Industrial or Personnel psychology
  • Social psychology
  • Human Engineering
  • Psychometrics or Psychometric psychology
• Fields of Specialization in Psychology

  • Addictions
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Industrial-Organizational Psychology
  • Forensic Psychology
  • Counseling Psychology
  • Child Development
  • Experimental Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Engineering Psychology
  • Sports Psychology