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MEIOSIS AND MITOSIS (CELL DIVISION)
SCIENCE 8
66 cards
Cards (80)
Dominant
An allele, gene or trait that is expressed, represented by a
capital
letter
Recessive
A
gene
whose effects are masked in the presence of a dominant
gene
, represented by a small letter
Homozygous
An organism that has the same
two
copies of a
gene
Heterozygous
An organism that has different copies of a
gene
for a particular
trait
Genotype
An organism's
genetic information
, the different copies of genes for a particular
trait
Phenotype
The combination of an organism's
observable
characteristics or
physical
traits
Gregor
Johann Mendel was an Austrian biologist who developed the laws of
inheritance
Law of
Dominance
When an organism is heterozygous, only the dominant allele will produce a
phenotype
Law
of Segregation
Each individual has a pair of
alleles
for a particular
trait
Law
of Independent Assortment
Different genes and their alleles are inherited independently within
sexually reproducing organisms
Characteristics Mendel tested in his experiments
Round
or
wrinkled
seed form
Yellow
or
green
seed color
White
or
purple
flower
Full
or
constricted pod
form
Yellow
or
green pod
color
Actual or
terminal
flower
position
Long
or
short stem
size
Using a Punnett Square
1. Write the genotypes of the parents
2. Cross the genotypes to determine the possible offspring genotypes
3. Determine the
phenotypes
of the offspring
The offspring of a parental cross of pure breeding plants are called the
F1
generation
When the
F1
generation plants are
crossed with each other or self-pollinated,
the offspring are called the
F2
generation
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