SCIENCE 8

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  • Dominant
    An allele, gene or trait that is expressed, represented by a capital letter
  • Recessive
    A gene whose effects are masked in the presence of a dominant gene, represented by a small letter
  • Homozygous
    An organism that has the same two copies of a gene
  • Heterozygous
    An organism that has different copies of a gene for a particular trait
  • Genotype
    An organism's genetic information, the different copies of genes for a particular trait
  • Phenotype
    The combination of an organism's observable characteristics or physical traits
  • Gregor Johann Mendel was an Austrian biologist who developed the laws of inheritance
  • Law of Dominance
    When an organism is heterozygous, only the dominant allele will produce a phenotype
  • Law of Segregation

    Each individual has a pair of alleles for a particular trait
  • Law of Independent Assortment

    Different genes and their alleles are inherited independently within sexually reproducing organisms
  • Characteristics Mendel tested in his experiments
    • Round or wrinkled seed form
    • Yellow or green seed color
    • White or purple flower
    • Full or constricted pod form
    • Yellow or green pod color
    • Actual or terminal flower position
    • Long or short stem size
  • Using a Punnett Square
    1. Write the genotypes of the parents
    2. Cross the genotypes to determine the possible offspring genotypes
    3. Determine the phenotypes of the offspring
  • The offspring of a parental cross of pure breeding plants are called the F1 generation
  • When the F1 generation plants are crossed with each other or self-pollinated, the offspring are called the F2 generation