CON CHEM

• used plants such as poppy, mandrake, and cannabis for medicinal purposes

  Egyptians
• a system of medicine developed in India, used herbs, minerals, and animal products to prepare medicines

  Ayurveda
• made use of medicinal plants such as garlic, chamomile, and aloe vera

  Greeks and Romans
• translated and preserved ancient Greek and Roman medical texts, leading to the development of a more systematic approach to medicine

  Arabic scholars
• used distillation to prepare essential oils and extracts from plants such as rose, jasmine, and lavender 

   Islamic physicians
• served as centers of medical knowledge and experimentation, using herbs and minerals to treat diseases

  European monasteries
•  a Swiss physician, rejected traditional herbal remedies and advocated for the use of chemical compounds

   Paracelsus
• scientific advancements led to the mass production of medicines, including antibiotics and Vaccines. 

   Industrialization
• The discovery of ________ by Alexander Fleming revolutionized the treatment of bacterial infections.

   penicillin
•  the use of genetic information to tailor treatments to an individual's specific needs and characteristics

  Personalized medicine
• the use of nanoparticles todeliver drugs more effectively and with fewer side effects

  Nanotechnology
• Medicinal Drug Preparation

  1. Ancient Times

  2. Middle Ages

  3. Renaissance

  4. Modern Era
• Middle Ages

  • (500 CE - 1500 CE)
• Renaissance

  
  

  
  

  1500 CE - 1700 CE
• Modern Era

  • (1700 CE - Present)
• Prescription drugs


  Require a doctor's authorization and are typically used for more serious or complex conditions
• Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs


  Can be purchased without a prescription and are intended for self-treatment of minor ailments
• Chemical structure


  Medicines can be classified based on their chemical structure, such as opioids, benzodiazepines, or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
• Mechanism of action


  Medicines can also be classified based on how they work in the body, such as beta blockers, proton pump inhibitors, or antihistamines
• Therapeutic use


  Medicines can be classified based on the conditions they are intended to treat, such as antibiotics, antivirals, or antidepressants
• Hydrochlorothiazide


  A diuretic (water pill) used alone or combine with other drugs for treating high blood pressure
• Over-the-Counter Drugs


  Drugs that can be purchased without a prescription
• Acetaminophen


  Most commonly recommended OTC medication for fever, minor aches and pains
• Non-Steroid Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)


  Used to treat inflammation, fever, and pain especially from minor orthopedic injuries
• Dextromethorphan


  Used to control cough (cough syrups and cold medications)
• Guaifenesin


  Is an expectorant; Cause more coughing to remove the mucus but will then decrease the cough intensity and frequency as the mucus is cleared out
• Oral Decongestants


  Shrinks engorged blood vessels in the nasal and sinus Passages
• Nasal Spray Decongestants


  Act similarly to oral decongestants, but have the advantage of acting only in the area applied, usually without the stimulant side effects
• Side Effects of Nasal Spray Decongestants


  • "rebound" effect
• Antihistamines


  Used to treat the symptoms of sneezing, runny nose, and watery eyes
• Antacids


  Work immediately to relieve acid indigestion and heartburn
• Constipation Medications


  Bulk-up and lubricate the stool
• Loperamide


  Treatment of Diarrhea
• Cancer


  Cells dividing uncontrollably forming tumors(malignant)
• Carcinogen


  Any substance that is capable of causing cancer
• Oncogenes


  Cancer causing genes
• Homeopathy


  Uses highly diluted preparations of natural substances to stimulate the body's natural healing processes
• Ancient Time 


  3000 BCE - 500 CE