Echinococcus granulosus

• E. granulosus is also known as

  Hydatid tapeworm
• Human echinococcosis is regarded as an:

  Emerging or reemerging zoonotic disease
• What causes echinococcosis disease?

  Larval stage of Echinococcus spp.
• Echinococcus spp. that are of public health importance

  Echinococcus granulosus, Echinococcus multilocularis, Echinococcus vogeli, Echinococcus oligarthrus
• Polycyctic echinococcosis is caused by:

  Echinococcus vogeli and Echinococcus oligarthrus
• Cystic echinococcosis is caused by:

  Echinococcus granulosus
• Alveolar echinococcosis is caused by:

  Echinococcus multilocularis
• Life cycles of other Echinococcus spp. are _, making them less common

  Sylvatic
• The eggs of E. granulosus are similar to what cestode?

  Taenia spp.
• Where is the larval stage (hydatid cysts) of E. granulosus located?

  Human tissue
• Structure attached to germinal or laminated layer

  Brood capsule
• Structure not attached to germinal layer

  Daughter cysts
• How many hooks does the scolex of E. granulosus have?

  36 hooks
• How many proglottids?

  Three proglottids
• Typical characteristics: protective covering

  Cyst wall and laminated layer
• Typical characteristics: basic cyst makeup

  Fluid-filled bladder
• Typical characteristics: structures that arise from inner germinal layer

  Daughter cysts and brood capsule
• Typical characteristics: other possible structures present

  Hydatid sand
• Diagnostic stage of E. granulosus

  Hydatid cysts in organs
• Infective stage of E. granulosus

  Embryonated eggs
• What organs do E. granulosus affect?

  Liver, lungs
• Other than liver and lungs, E. granulosus cysts can also migrate to:

  Brain, biliary tree, and intestines
• MOT of E. granulosus

  Ingestion
• Definitive host of E. granulosus

  Dogs and canines
• Intermediate host of E. granulosus

  Sheep, goats, horses and camels
• Dead-end host of E. granulosus

  Humans
• Specimen of choice of E. granulosus


  Tissue biopsy revealing hydatid cysts
• 70% of cases are associated to which organ?

  Liver
• 85% of liver infections happen where?


  Right lobe
• Organ that is usually involved in 20-30% of the cases

  Lungs
• Organs involved in 10% of cases


  Brain and orbits
• What is the treatment of choice of E. granulosus?


  Surgical removal of hydatid cysts
• Drugs of choice if hydatid cysts are inoperable


  Mebendazole, albendazole, praziquantel
• Clinical manifestations depend on _ and _ of hydatid cysts


  Size and location
• Liver infection:


  Intermittent jaundice, fever and eosinophilia
• In cases of heavy infection of hydatid cysts in liver

  Obstructive jaundice
• Symptoms associated with brain infections of E. granulosus


  Jacksonian epilepsy
• Anechoic content with detachment of laminated membrane from the cyst wall visible as floating membrane or as 'water-lily sign'

  Type CE3
• Cysts characterized by thick calcified wall which is arch-shaped, producing a cone-shaped shadow, the degree of calcification may vary from partial to complete

  Type CE5
• Unilocular cystic lesion(s) with uniform anechoic content without pathognomonic signs

  Type CL