Non communicable disease quiz

• 4 major NCDs - Cardiovascular diseases, Cancer, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease, Diabetes mellitus
• Urbanization and lifestyle changes - brought about a considerable change on the health status
• Globalization and social change - influenced the spread of NCDs
• Health educator - essential role to achieve community health, concerned with promoting health as well as reducing behavior-induced diseases
• Health educator aims to - Inform, Motivate, Guide the people into action
• Hypertension (HPN) or High Blood Pressure - sustained elevation in mean arterial pressure, major risk factor for the development of other CVDs like Coronary Heart Disease or Stroke
• Types of Hypertension - Primary Hypertension and Secondary Hypertension
• Primary Hypertension - no definite cause but it is attributed to atherosclerosis
• Secondary Hypertension - result from other diseases that leads to hypertension such as renal diseases
• Hypertension or High Blood Pressure - defined as sustained elevation in mean arterial pressure. It is not a single disease state but a disorder with many causes, a variety of symptoms and a range of responses to therapy.
• Risk Factors of HBP - Family History, Age, Race, High salt intake
• Lifestyle Factors of HBP - Obesity, Excess alcohol consumption, Stress
• Prevention of HBP - encourage proper nutrition, smoking cessation, regular check-ups
• High salt intake – salt causes elevation in blood volume
• Coronary Artery Disease - a heart disease caused by impaired coronary blood flow
• Coronary Artery Disease - also known as Ischemic Heart Disease
• Coronary Artery Disease - can cause myocardial infarction (heart attack), arrhythmias, heart failure and sudden death.
• Atherosclerosis - cause of coronary artery disease
• Atherosclerosis - thickening of the inside wall of the arteries due to deposition of fat-like substance or a condition in which fatty substances in the blood are deposited on the walls of the arteries
• Risk Factors of Coronary Artery Disease - Family History, Age, Race, Sex, Elevated blood lipids, Hypertension, Smoking, DM, Obesity, Stress
• Prevention of CAD - regular exercises and physical activity, proper nutrition, stop smoking, Early diagnosis and prompt treatment
• Proper nutrition – limit salt intake, limit saturated fats
• Risk Factors of HBP - family history, age, race, high salt intake
• Non Communicable Disease - a disease that is not spread through contact instead they are the breakdown in body cells and tissues.
• Risk factors - certain characteristics that increase

  a person’s chances of developing the disease
• Genetic Disorder – one in which the body does not

  develop or function normally because of an

  inherited problem
• Birth defect – disorders of the developing and

  newborn baby, causes unknown
• Cholesterol – a fatty substance that causes that

  causes atherosclerosis
• Arteriosclerosis – hardening of the arteries.
• Blood Pressure – force of the blood on the

  inside walls of the blood vessels
• Cerebrovascular Disease or Stroke - loss of alteration of bodily function that results from an insufficient supply of blood to some parts of the brain.
• Three types of stroke - Thrombotic stroke, Embolic stroke, Hemorrhagic stroke
• Thrombotic Stroke – usually occurs in

  atherosclerosis blood vessel commonly seen in

  older people
• Embolic Stroke – caused by a moving blood clot usually from a thrombus in the left heart that becomes lodged in a small artery trough which it cannot pass
• Hemorrhagic Stroke – most fatal type of stroke,

  rupture of intracerebral blood vessel; because

  of high blood pressure
• Types of Human Brain Stroke

  A) Hemorrhagic

  B) Ischemic

  C) Atherosclerosis

  
• Cancer - it develops when cells in a part of the body begin to grow out of control.
• Cancer cells - it continue to grow and divide even when there is no need to do so. instead of dying, they compete with normal cells for the blood supply and nutrients.
• Metastasis - cancer cells often travel to other parts of the body where they begin to grow and replace normal tissue
• Causes of Cancer - hereditary or family history, carcinogens