English

• An outline is a tool used in improving and organizing written ideas about a topic into a logical order. Writers use outlines when writing their papers to know which topic to cover and in what order.
• Major topics refer to the major phrases/sentences which are formed from the thesis statement
• A thesis statement is a one-sentence statement that expresses the main idea of an essay.
• Supporting details are phrases/sentences which provide additional information to clarify or prove the main idea. These details help you explain further the ideas presented by the major topics and subtopics.
• Subtopics refer to the minor phrases/sentences which are formed from the major topics
• The purpose of narrative writing is to • entertain the reader • tell stories-realistic or imaginary • spark emotion and creativity
• Narrative writing is, essentially, storytelling. Storytelling comes in many forms. Whether you are recounting factual or fictional events, narratives tell a story with emotion, descriptive details and clear event sequences
• The purpose of descriptive writing is to • describe a person, place, thing, or idea • create a strong visual through vivid descriptions • evoke emotions through word
• Common example of Narrative are: SHORT STORIES, ScreenPlay, Dramas/Plays and Novels
• Descriptive writing focuses on the details of people, ideas, concepts, characters, events, and other topics. While it does share some qualities with expository and narrative writing, the goal of descriptive writing is to appeal to the senses and bring the writing to life.
• Common example of description are: Poems, Diary Entries, Observation and Lyrics
• The purpose of expository writing is to • inform readers of a topic • explain ideas and concepts • teach procedures and steps
• The common example of Expository are: Articles/Essay, Textbooks, News Reports and Instructions
• Persuasive writing uses logic, reasoning, and convincing evidence as the basis of the writing. Persuasive writing is sometimes known as argumentative writing. Persuasive writing can be inspiring, motivating and controversial.
• The purpose of persuasive writing is to • convince the reader to agree with the writer's opinion • influence the reader's point of view of a topic • motivate the reader to take action
• The common example of Persuasive are: Advertisement, Speeches, Reviews and Editorial
• In a description pattern, the paragraph IS characterized by using more adjectives or vivid sensory description. It creates a mental picture of the idea or the topic by describing how it sounds, smells, tastes, feels, and/or looks.
• In the narration pattern, the paragraph tells a story or recounts a series of events. It arranges the events or ideas in a chronological order which means the events are beginning to end. organized from
• Process is used to explain a process on how to do something. It uses transitional devices of enumeration (e.g., first, second, third) and time (e.g., then, next, finally).
• Exemplification is uses series of examples to support the topic sentence. This means that to further explain the topic, the use of specific examples must be provided.
• Comparison/Contrast is used when a paragraph demonstrates comparison and/or contrast or examines how given subjects are either similar or different.
• Definition is aims to give a complete working definition of a term, concept, or idea. One of the main features of this pattern is that it tells both what the term is and what it is not.
• Classification is presents a topic and classifies it into component parts, types, kinds or categories. It distinguishes its parts by presenting the characteristics of each.
• Cause and Effect is explains the reasons why something happened or explains the effects of something. When an author gives reasons, he or she is explaining the causes.
• What are the Parts of a Paragraph? •Topic Sentence •Supporting Sentences •Concluding Sentence
• A paragraph is a group of sentences organized to discuss a topic. In fact, the main rule of paragraph writing is to focus on one idea or topic.
• A concluding sentence restates what the topic of the paragraph is all about. It comes after all the details have been included in the body of the paragraph
• The Supporting sentences serve as the body of your paragraph. This is where you elaborate your topic by including specific details or evidences. All of the sentences in the body must relate to the topic sentence.
• A topic sentence presents the topic of the paragraph. It will serve as a guide for the writer to keep his or her writing under control. This is why, a topic sentence is called the "controlling paragraph idea" of a
• What are the Principles in Writing a Paragraph? •Unity •Coherence •Development
• Coherence refers to the connection of ideas in the paragraph in general. The idea in the topic sentence, as well as in the supporting sentences and concluding sentence, is connected to each other through the use of transitional devices.
• Development refers to the principle when a paragraph describes, elaborates, explains, and supports its topic sentence. A paragraph is considered adequately developed if after reading it, the reader is left with no questions.
• Unity means that all sentences in the paragraph talk about one central idea. This means that the writer will deal only with one topic. It is important because it guides the writer with his or her idea.