globalization and media

• Culture


  Unified style of human knowledge, beliefs, and behavior from which people learn, and the ability to communicate knowledge to the next generations
• Culture is


  Learned, not innate
• History of Media


  1. Oral Communication

  2. Script

  3. Printing Press

  4. Electronic Media

  5. Digital Media
• Oral Communication


  Language- tool to communicate and share information
• Script


  Allowed people to communicate over a larger space and for much longer duration
• Printing press


  Allowed the continuous production, reproduction and circulation of print materials
• Electronic media


  Includes the telegraph, telephone, radio, film, and television
• Digital media


  Digitalized content is transmitted over the internet and computer networks
• Cultural imperialism


  The imposition by one usually politically or economically dominant community of various aspects of its own culture onto another nondominant community
• Theories of Culture

  • Cultural Differentialism
  • Cultural Convergence
  • Cultural Hybridity
• Cultural Differentialism


  Cultural difference as immutable
• Cultural Convergence


  Globalization engenders a growing sameness of culture
• Cultural Hybridity


  Globalization spawns an increasing and ongoing mixing of cultures
• Globalization also involves the spread of ideas
• People who travel the globe teaching and preaching their beliefs play a major role in the spread of culture and ideas
• Television programs, social media groups, books, movies, magazines, and the like have made it easier for advocates to reach larger audiences
• Globalization relies on media as its main channel for the spread of global culture and ideas
• Media


  A means of conveying something, such as a channel of communication
• Types of Media


  • Print media (books, magazines, newspapers)
  • Broadcast media (radio, film, television)
  • Digital media (internet, e-mail, internet sites, social media, internet-based video and audio, mobile mass communication)
• Different media simultaneously extend and amputate human senses
• New media may expand the reach of communication, but they also dull the user's communicative capacities
• Global media had a tendency to homogenize culture
• As global media spread, people from all over the world would begin to watch, listen to, and read the same things
• Cultural imperialism


  Not only the world is becoming Americanized, but that this process also led to the spread of "American" capitalist values like consumerism
• Cultural globalization is simply a euphemism for "Western cultural imperialism" since it promotes "homogenized, Westernized, consumer culture"
• Rather than simply receiving American culture in a "passive and resigned way," viewers also put "a lot of emotional energy" into the process and they experienced pleasure based on how the program resonated with them
• Cultural imperialism has been belied by the renewed strength of regional trends in the globalization process
• It is no longer acceptable to insist that globalization is a unidirectional process of foreign cultures overwhelming local ones
• Splinternet


  Characterization of the Internet as splintering and dividing due to various factors, such as technology, commerce, politics, nationalism, religion, and divergent national interests
• Cyberbalkanization


  Segregation of the Internet into smaller groups with similar interests, to a degree that they show a narrow-minded approach to outsiders or those with contradictory views
• Fake information can spread easily on social media since they have few content filters
• Global online propaganda will be the biggest threat to face as the globalization of media deepens
• As consumers of media, users must remain vigilant and learn how to distinguish fact from falsehood in a global media landscape that allows politicians to peddle what President Donald Trump's senior advisers now call "alternative facts"
• Though people must remain critical of mainstream media and traditional journalism that may also operate based on vested interest, we must also insist that some sources are more credible that others
• Different media have diverse effects on globalization process
• It seemed that global television was creating a global monoculture
• Now, it seems more likely that social media will splinter cultures and ideas into bubbles of people who do not interact
• Societies can never be completely prepared for the rapid changes in the systems of communication
• Every technological change creates multiple unintended consequences
• Culture


  Unified style of human knowledge, beliefs, and behavior from which people learn, and the ability to communicate knowledge to the next generations