Intro to body system

• Femur

  Longest bone
• Functions of the Skeletal System

  • Provides shape & support
  • Helps us move
  • Protect organs (ex. lungs & heart)
  • Produce blood cells
  • Stores minerals (ex. calcium, collagen)
• Skull

  Protects brain
• Vertebrae

  Protects spinal cord
• Femur

  Produces blood cells in legs
• Humerus

  Produces blood cells in arms
• Cartilage is more flexible than bone, examples are nose, top of ears, end of bones
• Ligaments

  Hold bones together to form joints
• Bone Marrow

  Soft connective tissue found in spaces in bone
• Red Marrow

  Produces the body's blood cells
• Yellow Marrow

  Stores fat (energy reserve)
• Muscular System helps the body move, moves food through the digestive system, keeps the heart beating
• Gluteus Maximus

  Biggest Muscle
• Muscle Action

  Heart muscle (beating) is Involuntary, Voluntary muscle is used for dancing, singing, running
• There are 3 types of muscle: skeletal, smooth, cardiac
• Integumentary System is composed of skin, nails, hair
• Functions of the Integumentary System

  • Covers and protects the body to prevent water loss and keep out foreign particles
  • Keeps you in touch with the environment (nerve endings)
  • Regulates body temperature
  • Gets rid of wastes (sweat/perspiration)
• Skin is the largest organ of the body
• Integumentary system is connected to the immune system and is the first line of defense
• Layers of the Epidermis

  • Stratum corneum
  • Stratum lucideum
  • Stratum granulosum
  • Stratum spinosum
  • Stratum basale
• Dermis


  Lower layer of the skin that contains nerves, blood vessels, sweat glands, hairs & oil glands
• Nervous System receives information about what is happening inside and outside of the body, directs the way our body responds, and helps maintain homeostasis
• Organs of the Nervous System

  • Brain
  • Nerves
  • Spinal Cord
• The Nervous System has two divisions: Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System
• Parts of the Brain

  • Cerebrum
  • Cerebellum
  • Brainstem (medulla)
• Functional Areas of the Cerebellum

  • Motor Functions (Coordination of movement, Balance and equilibrium, Posture)
• Neurons

  Nerve cells specialized to transfer messages in the form of fast-moving electrical energy
• Path of nerve impulse

  Sensory neuron -> Spinal cord -> Brain -> Spinal cord -> Motor neuron
• The Respiratory System brings oxygen from the outside environment into the body and removes carbon dioxide and water from the body
• The Circulatory System carries oxygen and glucose to cells and carries wastes away from cells
• Organs of the Circulatory System

  • Heart
  • Arteries
  • Veins
• Aorta

  Largest artery
• Vena Cava

  Largest vein
• Blood Vessels


  • Arteries
  • Capillaries
  • Veins
• Components of Blood


  • Plasma
  • Red Blood Cells
  • White Blood Cells
  • Platelets
• Types of White Blood Cells


  • Neutrophils - first to respond
  • Eosinophils - allergy
  • Basophils - asthma
  • Lymphocytes- produce antibodies
  • Monocytes - clean up dead cells
• Types of Lymphocytes


  • B cell
  • Helper T cell
  • Cytotoxic T cell
  • Regulatory T cell
  • Natural Killer cell
• The Digestive System breaks down food into molecules the body can use, which are then absorbed into the blood and carried throughout the body
• Organs of the Digestive System


  • Mouth - where mechanical and chemical digestion starts
  • Esophagus- connects mouth to stomach
  • Stomach - digestive juices (enzymes,acids)
  • Small Intestine - Absorption of nutrients into blood stream
  • Large Intestine- remaining materials are ready for elimination
  • Rectum- waste materials is composed to solid
• Path of food through the Digestive System

  Mouth -> Esophagus -> Stomach -> Small Intestine -> Large Intestine -> Rectum -> Eliminated from body