ac 1.2

• Parliament


  Passes acts or legislation
• Judges


  Create law by statutory interpretation and judicial precedent
• Administration of the justice system


  Ministry of justice and the home office
• Law creation and administration


  The passing of criminal laws by parliament and the running of the justice system by the government departments
• Role of the Police

  Enforce law, investigate crime, collect evidence and arrest/detain/question suspects.
• How many police forces are in England and Wales?

  43
• Role of the CPS


  Independent prosecution service in England and wales. Prosecute around 500k cases a year. Prosecutes based on the full code test.
• HM Courts and Tribunals Service

  Administrate courts/tribunal services in England and Wales
• Role of the courts

  Once charged, defendant will go through the trial process in either the magistrate or crown courts
• Magistrates Court

  Decide 95% of cases. Less serious offences, decided by three voluntary magistrates
• Crown Court


  Deals with serious cases, decided by a judge and jury.
• How are punishments decided?


  In accordance with the sentencing guidelines - custodial, community sentence, a fine, or discharge.
• HM Prison and Probation Service


  Carries out the sentence given to offenders. Seek to rehabilitate in order to live a crime free life
• Prison vs Probation?


  Prison supervises those in custody, while probation supervises those serving their sentence outside of custody e.g community service
• Relationship between the police and courts

  Protection of vulnerable witness, holding defendants in cels to transport them to/from court
• Relationship between the police and CPS

  Provide evidence, charging in line with CPS instructions
• Relationship between the police and prisons

  Arrest those recalled to prison, manage list of sex offenders following Sarah's Law
• Relationship between the CPS and police

  Advise on lines of enquiry, instructing on charging
• Relationship between the CPS and courts

  Presenting the prosecution case against offenders, prepare appeals against unduly lenient sentences
• Relationship between Courts and judges

  Supervising efficient running of courts, funding individual courts
• Relationship between courts and prisons

  Hold prisoners attending courts, arranging video recordings for those giving evidence from prison
• Relationship between probation and prisons

  Supervise those released on license
• Relationship between probation and courts

  Prepare pre sentence reports, supervise court ordered drug testing
• Relationship between prisons and courts

  Carry out custodial sentences, supervise those on remand
• Relationship between prisons and the police


  Arrange interviews with prisoners
• Relationship between prisons and probation

  Liaising wen a prisoner can be released on license.