STRUCTURE OF ENG

• Adverb


  Words that can modify or describe verbs, adjectives, adverbs, or entire sentences, indicating manner, degree, place, and time
• Main Classes of Adverbs

  • Adverbs of Manner
  • Adverbs of Time
  • Adverbs of Place
  • Adverbs of Frequency
  • Adverbs of Degree
  • Adverbs of Purpose
• Adverbs of Manner


  • He sings beautifully
  • He spoke loudly
  • They walked slowly through the forest
• Adverbs of Time


  • She cleans her room daily
  • She arrived early for the appointment
  • They worked diligently throughout the night
• Adverbs of Place


  • The cat sat lazily on the windowsill
  • They went upstairs to the rooftop
  • The cat hid underneath the table
• Adverbs of Frequency


  • We take a vacation at least once annually
  • He rarely misses a class
  • I sometimes go for a jog in the evening
• Adverbs of Degree


  • She almost failed the test
  • He completely forgot the answer
  • The painting is highly prized
• Adverbs of Purpose


  • He studied hard to pass the exam
  • He spoke softly to avoid waking the baby
  • They worked diligently in order to complete the project on time
• Other Classes of Adverbs

  • Relative Adverbs
  • Interrogative Adverbs
  • Conjunctive Adverbs
• Relative Adverbs


  • I visited the town where I was born
  • The reason why she left the party early remains a mystery
  • We visited the house where our grandparents lived during their youth
• Interrogative Adverbs


  • How is your day?
  • When will they announce the results of the competition?
  • Where did you find that rare artifact?
• Conjunctive Adverbs


  • I wanted to go to the concert; however, I had too much work to finish
  • I wanted to attend the workshop; otherwise, I would miss out on valuable insights
  • She excelled in mathematics; similarly, her performance in science was outstanding
• Adverb Comparison


  • Positive Form
  • Comparative Form
  • Superlative Form
• Positive Form


  • She is tall
• Comparative Form


  • She is taller than her sister
  • She sings more loudly than everyone
• Superlative Form


  • She is the tallest among her siblings
  • She sings the most loudly of all
• Irregular Adverb Comparison


  Some adverbs have irregular comparative and superlative forms that don't follow the standard "-er" or "-est" pattern
• Irregular Adverb Comparison


  • Good
  • Comparative: Better
  • Superlative: Best
• Adverb modifying the whole sentence


  An adverb that modifies an entire sentence, providing information about the speaker's attitude, the overall context, or the speaker's opinion regarding the entire action or situation described in the sentence
• Adverb modifying the whole sentence


  • Obviously, the team had worked hard
  • Unfortunately, Ceasar forgot the onions
• Adverb modifying a verb


  An adverb that provides more information about how, when, where, or to what degree the action of the verb is performed
• Adverb modifying a verb


  • They speak fluently in the campaign
  • He ran quickly
• Adverb modifying an adjective


  An adverb that provides more information about the degree or intensity of the adjective
• Adverb modifying an adjective


  • Unfortunately, the weather is quite hot today
  • The race finished too quickly
• Use subordinating conjunctions such as after, although, before, because, if, unless, when, and while to introduce dependent adverb clauses
• Place the adverb clause as closely as possible to the words modified
• Use commas after introductory adverb clauses that precede independent clauses
• Do not use commas to set aside adverb clauses that follow independent clauses
• Use not in a negative statement, placing it between the helping verb and the main verb
• Use never as a stronger word to not to mean "at no time"
• Use an apostrophe to take the place of the missing letter or letters in contractions
• Double negatives are two negative words used in a sentence, giving the clause a positive meaning rather than the intended negative meaning
• Preposition


  Relation or directional words that show the relationship between a noun and pronoun
• Types of Prepositions


  • Time
  • Place and Direction
  • Agents or Things
  • Phrasal Preposition
• Prepositions of Time


  Indicate when a particular action takes place
• Usage of "at", "in", "on"


  At refers to a specific time, on refers to a particular day or date, in refers to a broader time frame
• Prepositions of Time


  • At 7:00
  • At night
  • At the moment
  • At sunrise
  • At dinnertime
  • On Sunday
  • On May 18th
  • On your birthday
  • On Friday morning
  • In December
  • In summer
  • In the summer
  • In 2019
  • In the past
  • In the future
  • In a few days
• Prepositions of Place and Direction

  • Above
  • After
  • By
  • Beneath
  • Next to/ Beside
  • Near/ Close to
  • Behind
  • Across from/ Opposite
  • Between
  • Over
• Five main categories of Prepositions of Agents or Things

  • Agents
  • Possession
  • Responsibility
  • Cause and Effect
  • Purpose
• Prepositions of Agents


  • For
  • By