AOS1 Psychology Unit 1&2

• Allocation


  Dividing a sample into groups in an investigation.
• Beneficence (Ethical Concept)

  The commitment to maximising benefits and minimising the risks and harms involved in taking a particular position or course of action.
• Between subjects design


  Different people test each condition, so that each person is only exposed to a single user interface.
• Case study


  An in-depth or detailed study of a particular person, activity, behaviour or event.
• Classification and identification


  A type of investigation that involves arranging phenomena, objects or events into manageable sets, and recognising phenomena as belonging to a particular set or part of a new or unique set.
• Confidentiality (Ethical Guideline)

  The privacy, protection and security of a participant's personal information in terms of personal details and the anonymity of individual results, including the removal of identifying elements.
• Confounding variable
• Control group
• Controlled experiment
• Controlled variable
• Correlational study


  An investigation that involves planned observation and recording of event san behaviours that have not been manipulated or controlled to understand the relationships/association existing between variables, to identify which factors may be of greater importance, and to make predictions.
• Debriefing (Ethical Guidelines)


  Ensures that, at the end of the experiment, the participant leaves understanding the experimental aim, results and conclusions. Any participant questions are addressed, and support is also provided to ensure there is no lasting harm from their involvement in the study. Debriefing is essential for all studies that involve deception.
• Deception in research


  Is only permissible when participants knowing the true purpose of the experiment may affect their behaviour while participating in the study, and the subsequent validity of the experiment. The use of deception is discouraged in psychological research and used only when necessary.
• Dependent variable

  The variable being measured by thee researcher.

  It is the effect of the independent variable.

  It is on the y-axis.
• Insecure-resistant attachment

  An anxious attachment that forms because of inconsistent responses to their needs from a caregiver. The child may be cling around their caregiver, and insecure in themselves or in their interactions with others.
• Ethical

  Having to do with morals, values, right and wrong
• Experimental group

  An experimental group is the group in an experiment that receives the variable being tested
• Extraneous variable
• Fieldwork


  The gathering of information about something in a real, natural environment, rather than in a place of study such as a laboratory or classroom. Can involve observational studies of people, or an investigation of peoples opinions through questionnaires undertaken outside of a controlled environment.
• Hypothesis


  A statement of how variables are expected to be related to one another, often according to predictions from a theory.
• Independent variable


  The variable that is being manipulated, changed, selected, controlled by the researcher.

  It is on the x axis.
• Informed consent procedures (Ethical Guideline)

  An ethical guideline conducted before a study begins - participants agree to participate after they have received all the details of the study, including the purpose, procedures and potential risks.
• Integrity (Ethical Concept)


  The commitment to searching for knowledge and understanding, and the honest reporting of all sources of information and results, whether favourable or unfavourable, in ways that permit scrutiny and contribute to public knowledge and understanding.
• Investigation aim


  The purpose of a study.
• Investigation design
• Investigation methodology


  The particular type of research study.
• Investigation question


  The question that is to be solved by a study.
• Justice (Ethical Concept)


  The moral obligation to ensure that there is fair consideration of competing claims; that there is no unfair burden on a particular group from an action; and that there is fair distribution and access to the benefits of an action.
• Literature review


  The collection/comparison and analysis of the findings of others, or secondary data.
• Mixed design


  An investigation design that combines elements of a between subjects design and a within subjects design.
• Modelling


  a type of investigation in which a physical or conceptual model is constructed and/ or manipulated to simulate a system.
• Non-maleficence (Ethical Concept)


  Involves avoiding the causations of harm; however, as a position or course of action may involve some degree of harm, the concept of non-maleficence implies that the harm resulting from any position or course of action should not be disproportionate to the benefits from any position or course of action.
• Occupational health and safety (OHS)


  Issues of health, safety and welfare that must be protected in a workplace
• Population


  The entire group of people belonging to a particular category that is of research interest.
• Primary data


  Data obtained through new research such as fieldwork, observation or experimentation.
• Product, process and system development


  The act of designing or evaluating a new product, process or system to meet a human need.
• Random allocation
• Random sampling


  A sampling technique used in selecting participants for a study, which ensures every member of a population has an equal chance of being selected.
• Respect (Ethical Concept)


  Involves consideration of the extent to which living things have an intrinsic value and/or instrumental value; giving due regard to the welfare, liberty and autonomy, beliefs, perceptions, customs and cultural heritage of both the individual and the collective; consideration of the capacity of living things to make their own decisions; and when living things have diminished capacity to make their own decisions, ensuring that they are empowered where possible and protected as necessary.
• Risk assessment


  A process involving the consideration, identification and reduction of phsycial and psychological risk.