Music of India (MUSIC 9 AT2 BOOK 3)

• Tanpura or Tambura


  Necked drone lute
• Tanpura or Tambura


  • Four or six stringed fretless instrument
  • With a long hollow neck
  • Chordophone from the Lute family of instruments
• Sitar


  One of the most popular classical instruments that's a chordophone in the Lute family
• Sitar


  • Has a neck crafted from toon or rosewood
  • Has a large seasoned gourd resonator
  • Has sixteen to twenty two frets
  • Has seven strings that are adjusted to alter the pitch
• Sarod


  Fretless instrument played with a triangular plectrum cut out of coconut shell and laminated with shellac
• Sarod


  • Modern sarod is made of wood
  • Has one end being rounded and covered with parchment
• Tabla


  Consists of two drums, the Dayan (right) and the Bayan (left)
• Dayan


  • Cylindrical wooden drum made of black wood
  • Played with the right hand
• Bayan


  • Slightly conical and bowl shaped drum
  • Made of metal or wood
  • Played with the left hand
• Veena


  Large stringed instrument with a body hollowed out of wood
• Veena


  • Has a stem also made of wood
  • Has a gourd, smaller than the rounded part of the body, fixed underneath the neck
  • Has twenty-one metallic frets
  • Has seven strings, four of which are main strings
• Mridangam


  Hollowed out of a single piece of wood, about 60 cm in length
• Mridangam


  • Has a bare black face on the right side with a slight bulge to one side
  • The left face, the "tappi", has two leather straps attached to it
• Ghatam


  One of the most ancient percussion instruments of South India
• Ghatam


  • Clay pot with a narrow mouth
  • Made mainly of clay backed with brass or copper filings with a small amount of iron filings
  • Pitch can be slightly altered by the application of plasticized clay and water
• Middle Eastern music is influenced by the music of Greece, India, Central Asia, Spain, the Caucasus and the Balkans
• Middle Eastern musical culture

  • Vocal and compositional styles are derived from the recitation of the Holy Koran
  • Music creates an ecstatic emotional bond between performer and audience
  • The suite or collection of individual pieces played together is a major unifying compositional principle
• Tar


  Heavy long-necked lute with frets
• Kamancheh


  Spiked fiddle
• Dombak or Zarb


  Goblet-shaped drum
• Oud


  Type of lute, primary instrument in Middle Eastern music
• Middle Eastern music is generally highly improvised and heterophonic
• Vocal and instrumental music in Middle Eastern culture is generally highly ornamented
• Drone


  1. 3 notes played at the same time, heard all the way through the music
• Indian music


  • Unlike any element of American music
  • Popular instruments that play drone are the Sufi Box and Tampira
• Raga


  • The main part of Indian music
  • Melody
  • Musicians often improvize or make up melodies on the spot
• Raga


  • Often features instruments such as the Sitar, Sarod, and Flute
• Tala


  • Basic rhythmic pattern or cycle
  • Complicated, about 4-16 beats in a cycle, contains many more patterns within it
• Popular Indian rhythm instruments


  • Talla, Ghatam, and Mridangam
• India is the 7th largest country in the world
• Traditional Indian music originated from the religious literature of the Vedas
• Indian music


  Divided into Carnatic (Southern India) and Hindustani (Northern India)
• Carnatic music


  • Vocal music, most compositions written to be sung and played on instruments
  • Raga is an arrangement of musical notes in aesthetic combination of ascent and descent
• Tala in Carnatic music


  Has Sam (accented) and Khali (unaccented) beats
• Shruti


  Key signature in Indian music, an expression in the listener's mind
• Swara


  Solfa syllables of Carnatic music, consisting of 7 notes: Sa, ri, ga, ma, pa, dha, ni
• Hindustani music


  Drupad is a traditional form of singing, Khayal is a form of vocal music
• Indian music is known for its unique musical characteristic of improvisation
• Improvisation


  Creating new beat patterns, rhythms, and music